Territoriality - behavior of animals that enables individuals to occupy and dominate an area. Territory is an area where one or more individuals defend the area. Thus the two are interpedently interacting with each other to defend the area.…
Cause and effect experimental research involves a situation where a researcher manipulates a variable called an independent variable. Once that is done, he evaluates another variable called a dependant variable and checks to see if it reacts to the manipulated independent variable. If the dependant variable is reacting to the independent variable in a predicted way, than the researcher can conclude that the independent variable is the cause of the change of the dependant variable. This is the process of a cause and effect experimental research test. In a field experiment, subjects are observed in their natural outdoor environment so that researchers can study their behavior. Most of the time, the subjects are not aware of the researchers and so usually the conclusions are mostly accurate. For example, researchers may follow lions and research how they live, eat, breed and also migrate in order for them to stay close behind on their prey. As long as the researchers are not interrupting the lion’s routine, their findings should be highly accurate. The drawback to this experiment is that the researchers have little to no control of the experiment if something happens. The last experiment is a laboratory experiment. This is where a subject is put in a controlled environment so that the researcher can manipulate the setting and see if it causes any reaction in the subject. The advantage to this research is that the researcher has a high amount of control of the setting so that he or she can manipulate the environment and way they see fit in order to get a response from the subject. One example could be putting a subject in a empty room and administer different drugs to him to see what would be the results. Since the room is empty and nothing can interfere with the subject, the researchers can monitor the subject closely and record accurate readings since there are…
There are two types of experiment methods which are laboratory and field. Laboratory experiments are normally set up by the researcher itself. Field experiments are an experiment carried out in a ‘natural’ setting; that is, unlike in the case of laboratory experiments, the setting is not created by the researcher. Sociologists tend to use field experiments rather than laboratory experiments as people will behave more naturally in field experiments rather than laboratory experiments, it is also easier to generalise results, greater validity in the results of the experiment and also fewer demand characteristics if the participants are unaware. But sociologists tend to generally avoid using experiments for research this may be because there many practical, ethical and theoretical issues that apply to these research methods.…
9. A strength of field experiments is that the results are more likely to be representative of behavior in real-world settings than results obtained in a laboratory. True…
In the article, “A Change of Heart About Animals” by Jeremy Rifkin, he claims that humans are a lot more similar to animals than initially thought. First, Rifkin points out that animals feel the same emotions as humans do. The author also indicates that animals are able to perform similar tasks that require thinking and can also understanding languages. In addition, he states that animals are capable of self-awareness. Moreover, he emphasizes that animals share similar brain anatomy and chemistry as humans. Finally, Rifkin concludes that empathy, first starting off just for humans, is broadening out towards…
QuikTrip’s purpose to give people the opportunity to grow and succeed has made it a favored place not only to work, but also to shop. QuikTrip (QT) is a Tulsa-based chain of convenience stores primarily found in the Midwestern and Southern United States. The first QuikTrip was opened in 1958 in Tulsa, Oklahoma by Chester Cadieux and Burt B. Holmes. QT promotes its gasoline as "high-quality" through guaranteeing it. In 2005, QT and Chevron were the first two retailers to earn a "Top Tier" rating from various automotive manufacturers. The "Top Tier" rating exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency's standards for gasoline additives. (http://www.quiktrip.com, 2013) QT stores are known for a wider-than-normal selection of fountain drinks, gourmet sandwiches, and grill items. QuikTrip locations are larger than the average convenience store, offering anywhere from 6 to 29 gas pumps and a large retail space inside offering high-volume items such as branded beer, soda, cigarettes, coffee, and candy. QT’s strategy is to be the dominant convenience/gasoline retailer by taking a lower gross margin on gasoline sales than its major competitors do, but makes up for the lower margins with greater volume. (Forbes 163, 1999)…
Taste Aversion Learning by Birds in Colchester, Vermont on the Saint Michael’s College campus: A Study of Batesian Mimicry…
Significant genetic and psychological evidence exists that supports the notion that biology played a role in explaining Mr. Hinckley’s crime of the attempted assignation of President Ronald Reagan by in 1981, including seriously injuring to three other people. According to Schmalleger (2012), “The shape of a person’s skull corresponds to the shape of the underlying brain and is therefore indicative of the personality, (p. 89). Because of the actions of John Hinckley Congress enacted changes to the law that affected the way defense attorneys used the insanity defense in order to protect their clients in court due to concerns that some defendants had no metal disorders, and others were classified as having personality disorders. Those who support the mens rea approach argue that if the courts had considered Hinckley’s mental culpability he would have likely been found guilty because they claim he was clear about his intentions. The notes Hinckley left for film star Jodie Foster showed how disturbed he was.…
I found this article entertaining and interesting. It gives an overview of evolution of experimental laboratory in psychology, which helped in the emergence of psychology as an independent modern academic discipline. This article only illustrates the number of laboratories open during the specific era in United States, but lacks the information regarding the experimental methods used by scholars to conduct researches in these laboratories. The laboratory experiments in psychology have their own advantages and disadvantages. Scholars can control the conditions better, can replicate, and can change the variables, which makes the experiment more reliable. But whereas on the other hand there are chances that scholars might miss the naturalistic behaviour and can cause personal bias.…
Experiments have long been the method of choice in psychology. However, the experimental approach does have its limitations. Describe these limitations and explain why many psychologists have called for more field research…
many different types of studies to examine animal behavior. By doing this, scientists are able to…
Another advantage is that the scientific method allows for control. Laboratory experiment enables researchers to demonstrate causal relationships. The experimental method is the only way to do this – where we vary one factor (IV) and observe its effects of the DV. It order for this to be a fair test, all over conditions must be controlled and the best place for this is a laboratory. This is an advantage because if we can’t demonstrate causal relationships then we can’t be sure that, for an example, a person anxiety was reduced by the drug used.…
Why do psychologists use animal in the research? There are a lot of people who do not agree with testing on animals. Sometimes the benefits might not even outweigh the costs. However, in reality the actual benefits of using animals for research are gaining new knowledge that we do not already obtain, developing new drugs and treatments for illnesses not cured yet, and developing new technologies. By using animals in research there is so much more knowledge out there to be gained. However, there is also a lot to be lost, such as the innocent lives of animals. The main costs as a lot of animal rights activists see it, are that the animals go through a lot of pain, suffering, and distress during the experiments in which they take a part in involuntarily. Another cost, is death! In a lot of cases, when the experimenter has no more need for an animal, they are killed. Psychologists do research to learn more about behavior and how knowledge of behavior can be used to advance the welfare of people and animals. Although much research in psychology uses people as subjects, research with animal subjects continues to be essential for answering some fundamental questions. Since Charles Darwin's work, which emphasized continuity in evolution from animals to people in their mental abilities and in physical characteristics, psychologists have worked to understand the basic principles and processes that underlie the behavior of all creatures, human and nonhuman. As knowledge has accumulated, identification of characteristics that are unique to different species has yielded information that contributes to understanding and advancing the welfare of animals and people. Animal research has been the major contributor to our knowledge of basic learning processes and motivational systems, such as hunger, thirst, and reproduction. Animal research has provided critical information about the sensory processes of vision, taste, hearing, and pain perception. Studies of animal cognition have…
The issue on whether we should allow or not in Experimenting animals has been widely debated in our community recently. It is an important issue because it concerns misunderstanding and misleading data. Varity of different argument have been put forward about this issue but it is strongly agreed by most of the community that experiment on animals should be stopped.…
Based on these observations, I believe that I have sufficient information to confirm that my cat is indeed a living thing. I have noted that he is aggressive towards flashlights, and I would recommend a kitty…