IMAGERY
Simile (Vergleich): An explicit comparison between two things which are basically quite different using words such as like or as.
She walks like an angel. / I wandered lonely as a cloud. (Wordsworth)
Metaphor (Metapher): A comparison between two things which are basically quite differ ent without using like or as. While a simile only says that one thing is like another, a metaphor says that one thing is another. (adj. metaphorical)
All the world’s a stage / And all the men and women merely players ... (Shakespeare)
Personification (Verkörperung): A kind of metaphor in which animals, plants, inanimate
(leblos) objects or abstract ideas are represented as if they were human beings and possessed human qualities. Justice is blind. / Necessity is the mother of invention ( Not macht erfinderisch).
Synecdoche : A figure of speech in which a part of something stands for the whole (lat. pars pro toto) or where the whole stands for a part (lat. totum pro parte).
All hands on deck. (Alle Mann an Bord) / Germany (= the German team) lost 1:2.
Symbol (Symbol): Something concrete (like a person, object, image, word or event) that stands for something abstract or invisible.
The Cross is the symbol of Christianity. The dove (Taube ) symbolizes peace/is symbolic of peace.
SOUND
Alliteration (Alliteration): The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of neigh bouring words.
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Metre (Metrum): A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables within a line of a poem. Iambic metre (Jambus): An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one (– '–):
The way a crow (Krähe) / Shook down on me / The dust of snow / From a hemlock tree (Frost)
Onomatopoeia (Lautmalerei): The use of words which imitate the sound they refer to. (adj. onomatopoeic ) the stuttering