Stylistics (Lectures)

1. Style and Stylistics. Language, speech and text. No one knows for sure what it is. The scope of problems stylistics is to solve, its very object and its tasks are open to discussion up to the present day, regardless of the fact that it goes back to ancient rhetoric and poetics. According to I.R. Galperin, the term STYLE is presumed (by various authors) to apply to the following fields of investigation: the aesthetic function of language; (reference to works of art, that is of poetry and imaginative prose) expressive means in language; (employed in spheres of speech that aim to impress: poetry, fiction, oratory, affective informal intercourse (colloquial speech), but hardly ever science, technology, business letters) synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea;( possibility of choice, the possibility of using different words in analogous situations) emotional colouring in language;( A poetic declaration of love and a funeral oration are (different emotionally and, hence, stylistically. On the other hand, there are many text types quite unemotional, but still subject to stylistic investigation.) a system of special devices called stylistic devices; the splitting of the literary language into separate systems called styles; the interrelation between language and thought; (although the speaker's intention may have been quite different from what was actually performed or the recipient may misinterpret the message). the individual manner of an author in making use of language.

Language, speech, and text. Language is a system of mental associations of elementary and complex signs (speech sounds, morphemes, words, word combinations, utterances, and combinations of utterances)with our mental picture of objective reality. Language is a psychological phenomenon of social significance. It exists in individual minds, but serves the purpose of social intercourse through speech (originally oral, nowadays to a greater extent written). Language is