Substance abuse is seen as maladaptive and not considered dependant but can lead to dependency with certain drugs. There is a huge range of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, amphetamines, benzodiazepines and opiates. Some of these drugs are illegal in some countries and regions and can lead to criminal prosecution if caught in possession or under the influence of them.
Public health practitioners have undertaken many studies into drug abuse from an individual basis to social culture and availability. Practitioners have adopted phrases such as harmful or problematic and psychoactive use of substances the studies have looked at beneficial use and dependence. Some practitioners use the terms substance abuse or harmful use to blanket drug abuse. This is used to help the user suffering any physical or psychological harm. Substance dependence is seen as compulsive and repetitive and can lead to a tolerance and withdrawal when reduced or stopped. There are other definitions with psychological, physical and social consequences with use from various drugs.
Drug misuse is a term used to describe the improper use of substances and medicines and can lead to abuse if taken more frequently or as prescribed from a medical practitioner. This can also include route of administration and prolonged misuse can lead to a tolerance that affects the central nervous system. This in turn means more of the substance is required to gain the desired effect. Drug abuse may lead to other problems such as health, social networks, and criminal activities, self-harm and physical dependence. Some drugs are more likely to lead to uncontrolled use than others.
Alcohol abuse has a high rate of suicide and is related to 1 in 4 adolescent deaths. Studies show around 48% of adolescents start to use alcohol and 42% of older adolescents start to use other substances. There are 140 million alcohol dependent people in the world and 400 million with