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Substance Dependence

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Substance Dependence
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV-TR) (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) does not mention the term ‘addiction’ with its emphasis on biology and the concept of dependence did not change. ‘Addiction’ entails a medical illness and does not effectively include behavioural, psychological and sociological components of the disorder. In the DSM-IV-TR the term ‘Substance dependence’ is used and specific key symptoms are identified. These include tolerance; withdrawal; increased use over time; inability to cut down use despite an opposing desire; preoccupation with obtaining and using, or recovering from the effects of a drug, giving up of other interests and activities in favour of use; and continued
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