Summary: Before Civilization
Chapter one
1) Before Civilization
a) Food gathering and stone tools
i) Cooking, traveling and shelter
(1) First evidence of cooking food was 25,000 years ago in eastern Asia, but there might have been cooking before that
(2) Women would do most of the cooking, men did the hunting
(3) All foragers would live in small bands, large enough to defend themselves, but not so large that they had a food shortage
(4) Used any natural shelter (such as caves or overhanging rocks were preferred, when natural shelters couldn't be used, they would construct makeshift shelters out of branches and leaves ii) Clothing and lifestyle
(1) Animal skins were most likely most often used as clothing
(2) The survival activities only used up a few hours per day, using …show more content…
It is suggested (though not proven) that they used verbal language to spread this knowledge
(2) There are a lot of drawings on cave walls, often showing animals or other humans, the reason for these drawings is unknown and debated, such as they were to educate their young, or that they were attempts at counting or writing
(3) There is little known about their religion, but the fact that many adults were found buried with various preparations suggests a belief in the afterlife
b) The Agricultural Revolutions
i) A gradual process
(1) Humans slowly developed farming techniques, such as planting crops, clearing away competing crops
(2) Humans also created stone tools to help with farming ii) Middle East Wheat and Barley
(1) Farming started in the Middle East. They developed even more techniques for farming, such as rotating various crops to maintain soil fertility.
(2) The process of cultivation spread from the middle east and with it, even more techniques for cultivation iii) African, Asian, and American crops
(1) Africa, Asia, and America each had their own separate revolutions with their own separate crops, because the crops and cultivation methods could not spread to those …show more content…
5) Indus Valley
a) There is not much known about the origins and end of the Indus valley people, we don’t even know who they were
b) There were two major urban centers in the Valley, Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro, they were both structured very similarly, they both had grid-like streets with drainage systems to remove waste past the brick walls surrounding the cities. There is a large building in the center, speculated to be a citadel or a storehouse
c) Both cities had extremely uniform city planning, and architecture, to the detail of sthe size of their stone brick, there is some speculation on why and how this was achieved, some theories suggest that they had an authoritarian central government which regulated everything, another theory is that they had heavy trade in the region.
d) The Indus Valley civilization were very advanced, In agriculture, irrigation construction, and ceramics
e) The cities were abandoned and the civilization began to fall around 1900
1) Before Civilization
a) Food gathering and stone tools
i) Cooking, traveling and shelter
(1) First evidence of cooking food was 25,000 years ago in eastern Asia, but there might have been cooking before that
(2) Women would do most of the cooking, men did the hunting
(3) All foragers would live in small bands, large enough to defend themselves, but not so large that they had a food shortage
(4) Used any natural shelter (such as caves or overhanging rocks were preferred, when natural shelters couldn't be used, they would construct makeshift shelters out of branches and leaves ii) Clothing and lifestyle
(1) Animal skins were most likely most often used as clothing
(2) The survival activities only used up a few hours per day, using …show more content…
It is suggested (though not proven) that they used verbal language to spread this knowledge
(2) There are a lot of drawings on cave walls, often showing animals or other humans, the reason for these drawings is unknown and debated, such as they were to educate their young, or that they were attempts at counting or writing
(3) There is little known about their religion, but the fact that many adults were found buried with various preparations suggests a belief in the afterlife
b) The Agricultural Revolutions
i) A gradual process
(1) Humans slowly developed farming techniques, such as planting crops, clearing away competing crops
(2) Humans also created stone tools to help with farming ii) Middle East Wheat and Barley
(1) Farming started in the Middle East. They developed even more techniques for farming, such as rotating various crops to maintain soil fertility.
(2) The process of cultivation spread from the middle east and with it, even more techniques for cultivation iii) African, Asian, and American crops
(1) Africa, Asia, and America each had their own separate revolutions with their own separate crops, because the crops and cultivation methods could not spread to those …show more content…
5) Indus Valley
a) There is not much known about the origins and end of the Indus valley people, we don’t even know who they were
b) There were two major urban centers in the Valley, Harappa, and Mohenjo-Daro, they were both structured very similarly, they both had grid-like streets with drainage systems to remove waste past the brick walls surrounding the cities. There is a large building in the center, speculated to be a citadel or a storehouse
c) Both cities had extremely uniform city planning, and architecture, to the detail of sthe size of their stone brick, there is some speculation on why and how this was achieved, some theories suggest that they had an authoritarian central government which regulated everything, another theory is that they had heavy trade in the region.
d) The Indus Valley civilization were very advanced, In agriculture, irrigation construction, and ceramics
e) The cities were abandoned and the civilization began to fall around 1900