Heda Margolius Kovaly’s Under A Cruel Star is a captivating memoir that provides historical accounts during the time period when Czechoslovakia was under Nazi control and faced with Stalinism. Kovaly gives her personal first hand accounts on experiences in concentration camps, post-war struggles, and the life that she lived while under Communism. Contrasting with Under A Cruel Star, John Merriman’s A History of Modern Europe uses clear and concise mundane facts to provide the accounts of history during this era. Presenting history in a memoir makes the read effortless and alluring but it also takes away some of the factual significance that the textbook offers. History presented in this form differs from accounts during this time era written…
- Soviet Position: Russia was intent on imposing communist. Stalin brought down an “Iron Curtain” (Churchill’s phrase) across Europe from the Baltic to the Adriatic and created a series of satellite governments.…
The “Iron Curtain” speech by Winston Churchill and the election speech of Joseph Stalin contain the similarity that they both are telling the audience what should and has happened. In Winston Churchill’s speech he outlines what has happened throughout World War II and the Cold War and how he thinks it should be handled and dealt with. In Joseph Stalin’s speech he relays a similar time line while also including the Soviet Unions timeline and election history.…
‘From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet Sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence…
The following paper will be an analysis of "The Great Terror," that is, the arrest and often execution of millions of Russian and Russian minorities from 1936 to 1938, carried out by the Soviet secret police, known as, and hereafter referred to as the NKVD. The analysis will use Eugenia Semyonovna Ginzburg's, a Russian professor and writer who was arrested early into the purges and experienced, as well as survived, it in its entirety, memoir a Journey Into the Whirlwind as a primary source. More specifically, it will focus on Ginzburg's arrest and subsequent imprisonment from 1936 to 1938, covered in part one of her memoir. The paper will be divided into three parts: the first will attempt to summarize part one of Journey Into the Whirlwind; the second will cover the experience of those targeted by the purges during their early Imprisonment and interrogation; the third will focus on Eugenia Ginzburg's attitude toward the Communist party and it's evolution throughout her experience.…
The terrors of a totalitarian government presented in George Orwell's 1984 apply not only to the Party, but also to the Stalinist Russia of the 1930's. Frightening similarities exist between these two bodies which both started out as forms of government, and then mutated into life-controlling political organizations which "subordinated all institutions and classes under one supreme power" (Buckler 924). Orwell shows how such a system can impose its will on the people through manipulation of media, constant supervision as aided by technology, and the threat of pain, both physical and mental. Orwell also shows how the state has more subtle methods for imposing its authority, such as the manipulation of language and propaganda as they are used to achieve the goal of absolute power for the system. A key parallel between the Party and Stalin's Communism is the use of technology and communication to control the economic, social, and personal aspects of life.…
Citizens were blind to Stalin’s cruel dictatorship, simply because they needed some kind of leader. Churchill stated in his speech that, the “Iron Curtain” separated West and Eastern Europe. The East European government adopted a communist system and fell under the control of the U.S.S.R. (Doc #1). This created tension, induced by ideology differences.…
The novel that elevated George Orwell to literary fame was Animal Farm; a satirical ‘fairy tale for adults’ based on the themes of totalitarianism and Stalinism. In accordance with the theme, the book heavily satirizes the Russian Revolution; both directly and indirectly, and therefore gives rise to a host of examples to substantiate the statement: ‘Totalitarianism thrives on the exploitation of the weak by the strong’; the topic of discussion in this essay.…
Throughout my reading of “Behind the Urals” written by John Scott, I had a fairly hard time picking a certain emotion he had towards the USSR. Scott scarcely showed his distaste for the many tragedies going on in Russia while he was there, they were mostly masked by the improvement of production and living conditions in Magnitogorsk. It took until the end of the book for me to truly understand Scott’s feelings towards the USSR and their methods used to industrialize Russia. John Scott is a true believer of the USSR based on his experiences of how human life was taken so lightly, and his transition into believing this as well. Scott sees the drastic improvement of Russia in general and appreciates many aspects of life there, and though he sees and understands the loss present, it was necessary to create this industrialized and socialist society.…
DeJonge Alex. Stalin and the shaping of the Soviet Union. Glasgow: William Collins Sons and Co. Ltd., 1984.…
To write her book Ivan’s War, Catherine Merridale had to face the challenges of moving past the collective memory surrounded Russia’s involvement in World War 2. Merridale navigates that remaining available sources in her search to find the truth of the Red Army. Using a variety of inventive research techniques, Catherine Merridale acquires the historic data the see need to weave these accounts of the war, into the few central characters in her book. Merridale focuses on constructing an image of the Red Army the truly shows Russia for what is was between 1939 and 1945. She does this while proving the importance of personal experiences to the retelling of history.…
Slavenka Drakulić’s How We Survived Communism and Even Laughed is an interesting and educational book about the struggles and dysfunction of communism in Croatia. I found this book incredibly personal because it showed the point of view of a woman who is experiencing life growing up in a country where communism had ended, but continued in the minds of it’s people. Not only does she speak of the lack of common luxuries that Croatia has, but she relates them to western culture in a time when America was progressing faster than we ever have. This book was interesting because while reading it, the reader is not lectured with facts about communism and World War II, but instead given a personal view of someone stuck in a country they feel oppressed in. Another interesting aspect is the author wrote that she was forced to recycle, collect and conserve everything that was possibly useful. However this recycling and collecting was not for environmental protection, it was because of fear, fear of running out of supplies and not being able to get more, something that civilians under communism would have to deal with everyday. If anyone had a problem with anything that involved the government including running out of basic needs like milk, it was their problem. Drakulic observed a friend who wrote articles about the problems of communism, she was later punished for it. She was shunned by society just for speaking her mind. This novel gives the reader a personal feel of civilians stuck in a communist country.…
The “Iron Curtain,” coined by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, symbolized the ideological, political, and physical barriers that divided Europe in two. Capitalist West Berlin was led by the United States and the communist East Berlin was led by the Soviet Union. Citizens of East Germany fled to the West. “58,000 left in March 1953 alone” (Cleveland Lecture 14). The Soviet Union executed hundreds of people trying to flee in purges (Cleveland Lecture 14).…
Hillinger, Charles. “Soviets Face Up to the Gulag.” Los Angles Times 15 Sept. 1990: A1+. SIRS…
The ‘Iron Curtain’ is a speech originating back to 1946, delivered by the British prime minister at the time, Winston Churchill. Churchill was always quite honest about his opposition towards Soviet communism, however, disregarded the fact when the Soviet’s allied with the West against Germany in WWII (Churchill 313). However, once the war was over, Churchill was quick to readdress his distaste for Soviet communism. The purpose of his speech, “Iron Curtain”, was to bring together the powers of Great Britain and America, and warn the countries about the expansion of the Soviet Union. For he states, “For what I have seen of our Russian friends and Allies during the war… There is nothing they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for…