Berleth, Richard. Bloody Mohawk The French and Indian War & American Revolution on New York’s Frontier. New York: Delmar. 2010. Print. 370.…
Significant publications include items about wars, folklore, religion, social customs, biography, and government relations and treaties, as well as such multi-volume works as United States Indian Office, Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs (1839-1943), and United States Department of the Interior, Biographical and Historical Index of American Indians…
The Shawnees and Their Neighbors, 1795-1870 by Stephen Warren looks into the lives of Native Americans in the Old Northwest. This time was characterized by warfare and failed compromises between the Americans and Native Americans. Native Americans faced failure and removal much in part due to their inability to combine forces to fight against, or seek to gain rights from the American frontiersmen.…
To contrast the major arguments of The Land of Open Graves and Mohawk Interruptus, is to contrast the different experiences of two major marginalized groups within the wealthy and powerful nations of Canada and the United States. These two ethnographies highlight the discrepancy between the views of marginalization and the actual methods deployed to marginalize; however, what De León and Simpson hope to bring to attention are the forms with which each respective group resists said marginalization. Here is where the commonality is found between the two authors’ main arguments. Audra Simpson on one hand writes the entirety of Mohawk Interruptus as an ethnography of refusal. By doing so, she highlights the will of the Mohawk to resist encroachments…
Isabel Kelsay published her book, Joseph Brant, sixty years after Siles published his book, and her neo-progressive interpretation of frontier warfare during the Revolutionary War is indicative of this leap forward in time. When describing the morality of the Native American fighter compared to that of the American fighter, Kelsay provides the equal treatment that Siles could not. To be clear, Kelsay's work isn’t free of bias, for it is surely there, but her admiration for Joseph Brant, who she depicts as a tragic figure of history misunderstood by the contemporaries of his time, never reaches a level of inappropriateness similar to Siles’ admiration for the frontiersman. Rather she provides a full picture into the life of Joseph Brant: the…
It is however surprising, when you know and understand the treatment of the Native Americans by the government of the United States, to recognize that both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of the United States contain clauses that recognize Indian peoples as foreign powers and as such the dealing of these nations must adhere to policies put forth in both (Jaimes, p141). Following these influential documents, with yet another powerful…
The investigation and analysis of Native American warfare has been an important part of ethnohistory and anthropology for many years (Burch 1974; Codere 1950; Lowie 1913; Slobodin 1960; Swadesh 1948; Turney-High 1971). While most early investigations were descriptive (McClellan 1975a, 1975b; Turney-High 1971) or brief footnotes in ethnographies (Birket-Smith and de Laguna 1938), more recent works have attempted to place Native American conflicts in the context of modern anthropological theory (Chagnon 1988; Ferguson 1983, 1984, 1990, 1995; Maschner 1997a; Maschner and Reedy-Maschner 1998; Whitehead 1992). The result of these investigations has been two broad and nearly universal conclusions: that indigenous warfare has existed for thousands of years in the New World (Haas and Creamer 1993; Lambert 1994, 1997; Maschner 1992, 1997a; Maschner and Reedy-Maschner 1998; Mason 1998; Milner et al. [End Page 703] 1991; Wilcox and Haas 1994) and that the nature of that warfare changed dramatically with the expansion of…
There are several arguments that Calloway concludes with in The Victory with No Name. The primary argument is his notion that Native Americans deserve more credit than what American history has given them. Calloway states, “the day when American Indians won their greatest victory became an aberration in the national story and a blank spot in the national memory,” and argues the book will “restore the memory” of this victory (10). Moreover, Calloway demonstrates that “St. Clair’s defeat” represented the weakness and vulnerability of the new American republic, stating, “The destruction of St. Clair’s army reaffirmed westerners’ concerns that the federal government lacked the resolve to bring order,” and illustrated throughout the book that lack of communication and resources from the federal government caused the defeat of the first American army. Nevertheless, Calloway shows that Native…
Colorado was the 38th state of the U.S. when it joined on August 1, 1876. It is America’s eight largest state. It was first explored by the Spanish in the 1500s and was given to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American in 1848. Because gold was discovered in Colorado, it attracted new settlers that caused conflicts with the Indians. This caused the Plains Indian Wars. Colorado mostly votes for Republicans but sometimes it shifts to Democrats. From 1976 to 1988, all the votes are Republican but it shifted in 1992 when they voted for a democrat. Then again, from 1996 to 2004, they went back to the Republican Party. In the 2008 election, the democrats won by a margin of 53.7% compared to the republican…
The Seminole Indians of Florida, written by Clay MacCauley, was a report on the Seminole Indians for the Smithsonian Institution’s Bureau of Ethnology that describes their way of life, customs, traditions, and the environment in which they lived. To be able to answer the question mentioned above, one needs to understand the ways of the natives who lived in the area and their reasons for participating in the conflicts that arose. The second piece is a book written by John and Mary Lou Missall titled, The Seminole Wars: America’s Longest Indian Conflict. John and Mary Lou Missall make use of diaries, military reports, maps, and archival newspapers to provide a well-rounded examination the events of the Seminole Wars as well as earlier instances of confrontation and events that took places afterwards. This book discusses each war in depth, natives coming to terms with the American colonists, disagreements and defiance, aftershock, and remnants of the wars and events that had led to war between these three parties; Seminole, Timucua, and colonist. The third piece is a historiography titled, “From Savages to Sovereigns: A General Historiography of American Indian History,” written by Jeffrey P. Shepherd, Ph.D. It looks at the field of Native American History…
“Accountability for the United States’ ongoing violations against Indigenous Peoples is an issue of concern that has plagued Indigenous Nations and communities like the Western Shoshone for many years.” – Julie Ann Fishel, United States Called to Task on Indigenous Rights: The Western Shoshone Struggle and Success at the International Level, 619…
An Iroquois Mourning War could be set into motion by a woman of the dead tribe member’s family who demanded reparations for them. Members of…
The battle between U.S. military troops and Lakota Sioux Indians at Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota on December 29, 1890 Pine Ridge Reservation, resulted in the deaths of many Lakota and Sioux men, women, and children. A number of incidents precipitated the massacre in Black hill Wounded Knee creek that changed everything. Native Americans (Lakota, Sioux) had suffered through decades of broken treaties (“The Dawes Act” 1887) lost lands, forced relocation, physical deprivations, and death. and the death of five settlers, cause unstable relationships between the United States Government and the Native American.…
Although often viewed as inferior, savage and helpless, many historians are starting to discover the intelligence and wisdom the Indians had and shared with the colonists that came to America so long ago. As the settlers slowly began to create a new world on the already inhabited North America, they were plagued with starvation due to a severe drought in the area. Due to the dry lands and the settlers expectations to “rely on Indians for food and tribute,” (Norton 17) they were disappointed to find that the Indians were not so keen to handing out food and help to the strangers that have just come onto their land and begun to settle in such a time of severe weather and starvation. As time goes on, both the Indians and the Englishmen realize they both have what the other needs; tools from the white men and crops, land and knowledge from the Indians. As a result, the chief of Tsenacomoco, Powhatan, and colonist, Captain John Smith on an ideally peaceful, mutualistic relationship to ensure the survival of both civilizations. This agreement will leave the groups in cahoots for 100 of years leading to some disastrous scenarios and betrayals.…
Thesis: Modern Native American traditions reflect the history of struggle, strife and triumph they experienced in history.…