Summary Of Minority Stress And Disempowerment Theory

History
This map suggests that same-sex IPV is a social construct, an amalgamation of societal myths and discriminations that inform what power means both in the greater society and within the LGBTQ community. These myths and misperceptions inform the interpersonal power dynamics within the relationship. The result is a disparity of power within the relationship which, as the theory suggests, is the contributing factor for IPV perpetration and victimization (McKenry, Serovich, Mason & Mosack, 2006). Many of these influences noted in the map will be returned to in our discussion regarding contributors to IPV
Disempowerment theory takes a closer look at the manner in which diminished self-esteem and sense of personal efficacy can contribute
Minority stress includes the stigmatization and victimization resulting from sexual orientation, internalized heterosexism, and concealment of sexuality (Edwards & Sylaska, 2013). Minority stress theory focuses on how the experience of discrimination from the outside community is internalized by both the victim and the perpetrator and how this is manifest into feelings of shame and devaluation of the LGBT community and, in turn, one’s self (Hassouneh & Glass, 2008). Minority stress has been shown to exacerbate feelings of isolation, disempowerment, and depression, which can lead to increased violence and acceptance of violence within the relationship (Koeppel & Bouffard, 2014). In turn, research has found correlations between minority stress and physical, psychological, and sexual IPV (Edwards & Sylaska,
Perpetrators within same-sex relationships routinely use homophobic tactics as a means of abuse and control. These include threats of disclosing sexual status to friends, family, and coworkers (Chan & Cavacuiti, 2008; Madera & Toro-Alphonso, 2005). The perpetrator may also reinforce ideas about homophobia in the community is a means to prevent the victim from seeking outside support (Aulivola, 2003). Compounding sexual discrimination are issues of race and culture, which perpetrators may also leverage as a means of controlling the victim. On the one hand, a person’s race, ethnicity, or culture may increase discrimination both within the community and with agencies that provide support for IPV (Duke & Davidson, 2009). On the other hand, racial or ethnic identity can prevent disclosure of abuse due to close ties within the community of origin, particularly if the perpetrator shares the same background as the victim. In this regard, the victim may view disclosure as a betrayal to their ethnicity, race, or culture (Turell, Herrmann, Hollander & Galletly, 2012).
Community ties. Ties within the LGBTQ community can also be a contributing factor for why a victim may not seek help. The victim may fear losing their connection with the community or fear drawing negative attention to an already stigmatized population (Chavis & Hill, 2008). Collective minority stress within the LGBTQ community may also suppress the reports of IPV from bystanders within the community.