One member of the zooplankton family is the foraminifera. It lives within the photic zone because some have dinoflagellates that perform photosynthesis. The foraminifera is found floating through the ocean, and there are actually many different species of foraminifera, some even reside on the sea floor. The foraminifera grows by creating more space in their limestone shells. They’re only about the size of one grain of sand. The foraminifera can obtain energy by expanding its gooey arms out of the limestone encasing to trap smaller organisms.…
This can of course only be propagated by completely ignoring volumes of geological and paleontological evidence showing clearly that these creatures were destroyed in a natural cataclysm. Deloria reviews some of this evidence, as well as some of the evidence of Native American tradition, which described this catastrophe in some detail. In fact, native traditions from all over the world, as Ignatius Donnelly and Immanuel Velikovsky observed, tell much of the same story. People like Paul Martin however, studiously ignore this material. It may be noted that the scholarly consensus is now moving decisively away from Martin and his "overkill" theory in favor of Deloria's catastrophe. One of the most recent books on the topic, The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes, provides a comprehensive overview of the latest scientific findings, such as the iridium layer at the termination of the Pleistocene, which speaks conclusively of a cataclysm. I wish that Deloria was alive to see such a positive…
(1) This theory of evolution, though often presented as an established fact, is up to the present time only an unverified hypothesis. (2) Science has utterly failed to discover any missing links between man and the supposed animals from which he originated. (3) Furthermore, evolutionists argue that evolutionary trends occur through the processes of mutation. But this view fails to account for the increased complexity of man. (4) Scientists have utterly failed to demonstrate or identify the origin of life (organic) from inorganic substances.…
Malcolm's theories and predictions serve as a warning for a society increasingly dependent on new scientific developments. Although genetically engineered dinosaurs are likely to never happen, “Jurassic Park” is a reminder of what could go wrong with unchecked science. The relationship between dinosaurs and birds is also heavily featured in the book. At the time “Jurassic Park” was written, new evidence had just suggested that the relation between dinosaurs and birds is much closer than previously thought. Allen Grant makes several remarks on the structural similarities between the birds and dinosaurs and the velociraptors are given particularly bird-like features. From this novel, it is easy to understand how science can quickly get out of hand when not controlled. I thought that “Jurassic Park” was an interesting and well-thought out book on both the possibilities and dangers of genetical…
3. Many scientists believe that the dinosaurs disappeared as the result of which of the following? (Points : 3)…
Morris, Ph.D. (icr.org, 1989), the author states that dinosaurs are all too often taught under the theory of evolution, yet hold a strong presence in Biblical references as well. Much like the evidence of age old fossils, dinosaurs have a significant role in interpreting the age of existence, and also help support the beliefs within the origin of Progressive Creationism. A balance and explanation between Scripture and science is necessary with the geological evidence that there was an era of dinosaurs walking the earth. The topic of dinosaurs then lends itself perfectly to the philosophy of Progressive Creationism where days described in Genesis took place over long periods of time. Dinosaurs can be categorized as one of the many species created and described in Genesis.…
The debate of whether dinosaurs were cold or warm blooded is neither a new nor resolved debate. Since first hypothesized in 1969 by John Ostrom (Anderson, 2009), the debate…
Through out this chapter I believe there were many reliable statements. Such as dates that were not so far spread, quotes, or when a list was give of tools and food people had. Though there were reliable statement there were some that were not. The statements that I did not believe were reliable had words like: such as, suggest, maybe, and we do not know for sure. A statement that had the phrase we do not know for sure is good for thought but it is not really need, as we know nothing about it. In today’s world must say we cannot give a fair answer when asked how we evaluate the Paleolithic Era. We are…
In the essay “Darwin’s Middle Road”, Stephen Jay Gould describes Darwin’s process on his theory of natural selection. Gould describes the process of scientific creativity with inductivism and eurekaism. Darwin’s thought process also incorporates Frye’s three levels of the human mind. Darwin begins his thought process aboard the Beagle. During these five years, Darwin makes observations of the bones of giant South American fossil mammals. He focuses on the turtles and finches of the Galapagos. According to Gould he mentions “The first ̶ inductivism ̶ held that great scientists are primarily great observers and patient accumulators of information. For new and significant theory, the inductivists claimed, can only arise from a firm foundation of facts.” (Gould 1018). Darwin uses his consciousness and awareness; to identify and give qualities to the turtles and finches. Darwin builds his foundation of facts. Darwin transitions his thinking process to social participation. Darwin takes his facts on finches and brings them into human shape. Darwin begins researching and studying the nature of the finches. Darwin uses social participation to contribute to science. Inductivism corresponds to the first and second levels of the human mind. In addition, Darwin uses the third level of the human mind to create his theory. Darwin’s theory is survival of the fittest through natural selection. Darwin experiences…
Assess the different hypotheses put forward for the mass extinctions at the end of the Permian and Cretaceous (KT) Periods.…
How could plants just grow in a climate where they usually couldn't? Lastly, Wegener found out the fossils fit together with the continents. Fossils have been found in continents now separated by water. In the end, Fossils have been found in places where they shouldn't be making his hypothesis more…
The geological record does not support Darwin’s theory because there are no intermediate species found in fossils and sometimes groups display abrupt modifications. However, this can be the result of changes in the earth’s surface, unfitting conditions for fossil formation, the destruction of existing fossils, and the lack of discovery of fossils. Darwin uses these possibilities to argue against the naturalists, saying that there is not enough knowledge about the history of earth to draw conclusions on…
For over 150 million years, dinosaurs dominated Earth. They were incredibly successful-so successful in fact that all of the other animal groups had no choice but to play a secondary role in nature. 65 million years ago, however, every species of dinosaur went extinct as well mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, pterosaurs, ammonites, and many families of brachiopods and sea sponges. Also, many shark species as well as most vegetation did not survive(“Dinosaur Extinction”). What could have possibly killed off the dominant animal group of the time? The answer to this question is still unclear but there are many hypotheses that attempt to explain this extinction event. To find out exactly how this happened, evidence must be gathered not only from fossils…
Main findings, publications, and contributions: One of his best known theories, argued that evolutionary change in the fossil record came in fits and starts rather than a steady process of slow change. This theory, known as punctuated equilibrium, was part of Gould's work that brought a forsaken paleontological perspective to the evolutionary mainstream. Popular books by Gould include ''Wonderful Life,'' which examines the evolution of early life as recorded in the fossils of the Burgess Shale, and ''The Mismeasure of Man,'' a rebuttal to what Gould described as pseudoscientific theories used to defend racist ideologies. Enrolled at Antioch College in Ohio, where he received a bachelor's degree in geology in 1963. In 1967, he received a doctorate in paleontology from Columbia University and went on to teach at Harvard, where he would spend the rest of his career.…
As a naturalist, Darwin constantly gathered facts, and observations of the natural world. He allegedly used an inductive system of inquirer that reviled generalization or universal truths. Howbeit, Darwin retained within his science a hypothetico-deductive method that formulated a hypothesis which created testable experiments on an empirical scale. As well as, Darwin understood that hypotheses allowed for the interaction between the development of creative predictions and viability of these ideas by critical testing. Even though, a hypotheses must be feasible, and not always consistent.…