Summary Of The Film: Kramer Vs. Kramer

Introduction
Kramer vs. Kramer (a dramatic film, released in 1979 by Robert Benton) focuses on the expressive meaning of testing and reorganising gender roles within a family as a structural institution. Analysing the relationship between the film’s content and form with reference to five film elements being genre, narrative, mise-en-scène, cinematography and acting supports this statement.
The film depicts the story of the Kramer family: Ted (Dustin Hoffman), Joanna (Meryl Streep) and their only child, Billy (Justin Henry). Ted is a career driven man often neglecting his role as a father. Joanna feels suppressed in her marriage. She decides to separate from Ted and leaves him with sole responsibility for Billy. Initially, Ted struggles to
The design is set against the backdrop of 1970s New York. The urban city is a place for change and independence. Change for both characters and independence for Joanna. The costumes are fashioned around the 1970s style for authenticity. Ted’s work clothes, indicates his prestigious position. Joanna goes through a transformation in her wardrobe and makeup, a metaphor for her emotional journey. The change in her appearance compensates for the absence of her narrative. She is introduced as a frail character, wearing neutral coloured clothing; hair in a low bun and makeup highlighting dark shadows. This gives a sense of a ‘tired teacher’ – uptight and weak. When she returns, she still looks natural to signify her motherly status but her wardrobe has more colour, symbolising newfound life and enthusiasm. Also, having her hair down portrays her as carefree. Characters are more important than the elements such as set, costume, etc. The characters move freely in the open frame, reflecting overall visuals as verisimilar. When Joanna watches Billy and Ted from a café (0:37:16) her proximity suggests her self-inflicted isolation. This placement shows the nature and complexity of the relationship she has with her son – yearning and