Wow what an enlightening chapter of the book. Can you say trouble? This social movement had it the worst. Nobody was helping them even the ones of their side backed away from them. They were a double-ended sword. They would fix a social problem and then start at square one and back and forth. The social movement I am referring to is The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee or SNCC. SNCC was a little behind on its movements everybody else has already made their mark. This movement struggled to make it through the first year. Although it had a rough start it was one of the most important organizations the SNCC focused on mobilizing local communities, a policy in which African American communities would push for change, driving…
The speaker of this letter is MLK, who was “confined” physically, but not mentally, in a jail cell at the time of writing this letter. MLK takes advantage of the fact that he is in a jail cell to establish himself as a much more credible writer in many ways. First, he writes this entire letter impromptu and does not edit it in any ways that will make it superficial for the readers. Since the letter is not veneered in any way, it is more believable to its readers because all the words in the letter are honest and sincere. Secondly, MLK quotes from many famous “extremists”, such as Jesus Christ, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln, off the top of his head to justify how he truly is enthusiastic and devoted to his cause. It is not an easy feat to come up with the quotes of famous “extremists” in a jail cell. On another note, MLK also characterizes himself as a credible author by listing out his credentials. He starts by stating that “[he has] the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference” (King 204), then takes great efforts in describing the headquarters of the SCLC and its many affiliated organizations across the South. His care in describing the size of the SCLC infers that he has the invaluable experience and leadership needed to fuel the civil rights movement. This…
Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” was written in April 1963, during the African Americans fight for equality. Martin Luther King Jr.’s claim was not just to reply to the eight clergyman who had called his demonstrations “untimely and unwise”, but also aim his justifications at a bigger audience of religious and secular beliefs. An audience that is black and white; therefore King is able to justify his reasons and tactics of beginning immediate action using nonviolent protest to everyone. Throughout his letter Martin Luther King Jr. demonstrates the use of ethos, pathos, and logos to help support his claim while also consistently referring…
Martin Luther King JR was an activist who took part as a leader in the Civil Rights movement. This whole movement of his is emphasized on the idea that nonviolent actions be taken. Although he was a leader for the Civil Rights movement, he was a Baptist minister too which played a critical role in his movement. The whole idea of taking nonviolent actions was due to his Christian beliefs, and it’s demonstrated all throughout the “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”. In his letter, Martin writes to a clergyman where he finds out that his nonviolent protest movements have been accused of being “extreme.” Whenever he responds back to the clergyman’s accusation, he employs rhetorical strategies. However, not only are these rhetorical strategies being employed when he’s responding to the accusation, but they can be seen throughout the letter.…
MLK says, “[I] am here because I was invited here,” and also, “I am here because injustice is here.” These were direct responses to the questions posed by the clergymen in “A Call for Unity.” Next, he explained the four basic steps of any nonviolent campaign: collection of facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action. MLK believed the people of Birmingham had gone through all of these steps. Also, he addressed the injustices that African Americans had faced in the Birmingham courts, as well as the numerous unsolved bombings. MLK then explained why his associates and he “[did not] give the new city administration time to act.” He states that the new city administration must be pressured early in order for them to act. Also, he states that although Boutwell is a “much more gentle person the Mr. Connor…we are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell will bring the millennium to Birmingham.” Later in his letter, MLK explained that he believes segregation is a sin because is denies African Americans their basic human rights. He also says that one has a “moral responsibility” to disobey unjust laws. Then, he explains the difference in a just law and an unjust law. “A just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law…One who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty.” MLK also discusses that he is upset with the white moderate because they are more concerned with keeping order than attaining justice. The main focus of the letter is to help spread the message of civil disobedience. MLK believed this was the best way for African Americans to…
John Lewis acknowledges the fact that many want to stop them and yet they should not and will not stop until they get the rights they deserve as he emphasizes their image of love and spirit that they want to continue to spread with their marches. For instance, in the beginning of the text, Lewis states, “They’re talking about slow down and stop. We will not stop. All of the forces of Eastland, Barnett, Wallace, and Thurmond will not stop this revolution”(para 9). As well as at the end of the paragraph, where Lewis continues, “For we cannot stop, and we will not and cannot be patient”(para 9). In making these comments, he urges the audience the prime factor of everyone wanting them to come to end altogether. They do not want any of these marches…
In Dr. King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” he shows that nonviolence is the way to get the positive attention that his plight deserved. He believed that to use violence was negative on a couple of points. First, violence always gets negative attention. Second, violence was the way the Klu Klux Klan went about their business. He wanted to expose unjust laws and do it in a fashion that conveyed his beliefs without causing other problems. In Dr. King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” he is trying to convince his “fellow clergymen” (566) that his fight for the civil liberties is a just one, and that the march was a nonviolent one and one that was surely needed. Dr. King stated, “we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny” (566). King is saying that it’s something that can no longer be ignored, that he can no longer sit on the sideline and be an idle observer. The black man has to take it to the streets. In this letter, Dr. King showed that nonviolence, direct action, and the ability to stand by one’s convictions are the right path.…
Lewis wanted to help people through the teachings from the bible. He made the bible present in his life through the movement by keeping his morals and ethics of nonviolence as an important piece to being successful and gaining respect. Although many people doubted him as a leader both religiously and humanitarianly, he never gave up and continued to practice and fight for what was right. However eventually it brought him to his first…
The first-time Lewis heard King preach, he didn’t even know who he was. “Then one Sunday morning in early 1955, I was listening to WRMA out of Montgomery when I heard a sermon…. Dr. King’s message hit me like a bolt of lightning. He applied the Principles of the church to what was happening now, today. It was called The Social Gospel…. And I felt like he was preaching directly to me.” (Lewis et al pg. 55-56). Lewis explains to us that it was at an early age that King made an immense impression on him. Additionally, Lewis’ clarifies to us precisely how he was inspired by King. “Dr. Kings example showed me that it was possible to do more as a minister than what I had witnessed in my own church. I was inspired.” (Lewis et al pg. 59). Lewis’ point is that from that moment, King became a paramount mentor in his life. See figure one. A few years later in 1958 Lewis’ was attending church at the First Baptist Church in Nashville, TN. That is where he first encountered Preacher Jim Lawson. “Jim talked about the Montgomery Bus Boycott, about war resistance, about nonviolence…. Jim Lawson conveyed the urgency of developing our philosophy, our discipline, our understanding. His words liberated me. I thought, this is it… this is the way out.” (Lewis et al pg. 77-78). Lewis points out clearly that Jim Lawson…
During King’s activism, John Lewis criticized the Civil rights bill because the bill did not protect African Americans against police brutality. It also did not provide African Americans the right to vote, a controversial and progressive topic at the time.…
wrote a letter that advocated for equality in a non-violent way. His huge involvement with the Civil Rights movement made his letter explode, although this was the reason he was even in jail. The extreme racism still occurring bothered Martin Luther King JR. especially because it was such a big problem in Birmingham. He goes on to state the reason he was in jail was because of the injustice located in Birmingham. There are four steps to achieve a non-violent campaign. Through these steps promoting your cause can be successful but still have been done in a peaceful way. He goes on to talk about how denying someone the right to vote is ridiculous. Later he talks about how law can seem just until its application, he'd been previously been charged with parading with out a permit, even though it was peaceful. The whole idea of fighting for equality in a peaceful way was one of the many reasons MLK was so highly…
Likewise, Dr. Martin Luther King had a dream that discrimination and racial inequality would cease, so he implemented an abundant amount of non-violent events to support his ideology and to make his dream a reality. In “March”, John Lewis replicated Dr. King’s pursuit of his dreams by implementing sit-ins to fulfill his dream of all races being able to sit beside one another with the equal service. For instance, in the beginning of the book, John Lewis and his counterparts were not able to sit at downtown restaurants, but due to the actions taken by John Lewis such as the sit-ins and the boycotts, six downtown Nashville stores allowed for African-American customers to be served. The visions that John Lewis endured ultimately led to him taking the necessary precautions to make it become a…
Additionally, Lewis uses more evidence to back up his case, “To those who have said, “Be patient and wait,” we have long said that we cannot be patient. We do not want our freedom gradually, but we want to be free now!”(para 7) In making this comment, Lewis urges the audience to have a stand, to wait or to take up action and fight for their civil rights that they should own already, instead of having to fight for it. From this, the audience can infer that Lewis is impulsive, however, it is on the good kind of impulsiveness, one who acts for when it is the right time to do so, and not being the patient one and waiting for their civil rights to come to them in due time. Lewis exhibits the fact that he does not want to wait to be free, he is anxious to have the freedom that he rightfully deserves and that all the African Americans should be with him on this, that they should fight and keep on fighting until they have their…
King uses logic and evidence to convince the reader about his reason for engaging in the nonviolent campaign. In the beginning, he explains that he is in Birmingham because injustice is prevalent, and that local affiliates had invited him to participate in the nonviolent action. Additionally, he made a promise and when the hour came, he fulfilled that promise. Dr. King is a man of God, and a man of God does not break a promise, especially when one is in need. Dr. King goes on to explain that it is unfortunate that current white power structure has left the African-American community with only one available course of action. He states that, "Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue"(301). Simply put, the African-American community would like to confront the issue with negotiations, but the white moderate is unwilling, and the most effective way to force a community to confront an issue is with a nonviolent direct action. Additionally, Dr. King goes on to state, "Lamentably, it is an historical fact that privileged groups seldom give up their privileges voluntarily"(301). Moreover, Dr. King expresses that Birmingham is one of the most thoroughly segregated cities in the United States. Also, it has a readily known ugly record of brutality. This simply strengthens his argument on the reason for their campaign in Birmingham, and brings in evidence that many people in the country know of the segregation that is so prevalent there. Dr. King backs up the logical course of action that was taken by bringing in evidence to the reader, especially the eight clergymen, showing that they are simply lacking knowledge of what truly is going on in Birmingham, and they misunderstood the true intentions for the nonviolent…
Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK), was one of the most influential and memorable of that of the civil rights movement. Being a well-educated black christian he appealed to many people of many demographics throughout America. Aside from this, he was highly persuasive, and properly motivated to lead the movement that helped form this country into what it is today. In his letter From a Birmingham jail to his fellow clergymen, he answers questions to clergymen about his actions and views on the civil rights movement. MLK’s strong, leading tone tells readers that MLK knows what he is seeking, and how he will reach that goal, and why it works in interest to the Clergymen. He uses high vocabulary terms…