Sunflower
Sunflower 1. Botanical Classification i. Botanical Name:
The botanical name of sunflower is Helianthus annuus L. ii. Biological Classification:
Kingdom Plantae
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Asterales
Family Asteracae
Genus Helianthus
Specie H.annus
2. Origin And History
Sunflower probably originated in the south-western United States, or somewhere in Mexico, where it was used in many forms. It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and imported into Russia from Holland in the 18th century. As a cultivated plant, improved varieties were reintroduced into the USA from Russia in 1893. 3. Economic Importance * In world, supply of sunflower seed oil is estimated as 11.7 million tons and sunflower is ranked as 6th in seed production. * According to economic survey of Pakistan sunflower is grown on 877000 ha of land. * The total amount of seeds produced was 473000 tons and the total oil produced from the sunflower crop was 179000 tons.
4. Soil Type Sunflower is grown in rainfed as well as irrigated farming systems. Basically it grows sandy to clay soil ranging in pH from 6.5 to 7.5. The areas of adaption for this crop are in cotton belt (Vehari, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Umerkot) and rice growing areas of Sialkot and Badin in Punjab and Sindh, respectively. 5. Temperature Requirement
Sunflower is grown in many semi-arid regions. It is tolerant of both low and high temperatures but more tolerant to low temperatures. Optimum temperatures for growth are 21 to 75°C, but a wider range of temperatures (64 to 91°F) show little effect on productivity. Extremely high temperatures have been shown to lower oil percentage, seed fill and germination. 6. Land Preparation/Sowing Method * Seed bed Preparation
As sunflower has a well-developed root system, deep ploughing with a mouldboard necessary. Secondary tillage implements like a disc harrow or tines should be used to level the field for planting
The botanical name of sunflower is Helianthus annuus L. ii. Biological Classification:
Kingdom Plantae
Class Magnoliopsida
Order Asterales
Family Asteracae
Genus Helianthus
Specie H.annus
2. Origin And History
Sunflower probably originated in the south-western United States, or somewhere in Mexico, where it was used in many forms. It was introduced to Europe in the 16th century and imported into Russia from Holland in the 18th century. As a cultivated plant, improved varieties were reintroduced into the USA from Russia in 1893. 3. Economic Importance * In world, supply of sunflower seed oil is estimated as 11.7 million tons and sunflower is ranked as 6th in seed production. * According to economic survey of Pakistan sunflower is grown on 877000 ha of land. * The total amount of seeds produced was 473000 tons and the total oil produced from the sunflower crop was 179000 tons.
4. Soil Type Sunflower is grown in rainfed as well as irrigated farming systems. Basically it grows sandy to clay soil ranging in pH from 6.5 to 7.5. The areas of adaption for this crop are in cotton belt (Vehari, Lodhran, Bahawalpur, Umerkot) and rice growing areas of Sialkot and Badin in Punjab and Sindh, respectively. 5. Temperature Requirement
Sunflower is grown in many semi-arid regions. It is tolerant of both low and high temperatures but more tolerant to low temperatures. Optimum temperatures for growth are 21 to 75°C, but a wider range of temperatures (64 to 91°F) show little effect on productivity. Extremely high temperatures have been shown to lower oil percentage, seed fill and germination. 6. Land Preparation/Sowing Method * Seed bed Preparation
As sunflower has a well-developed root system, deep ploughing with a mouldboard necessary. Secondary tillage implements like a disc harrow or tines should be used to level the field for planting