Summary
The conclusion drawn at the end of this article is that both humans and monsters are non-physical beings. In the article it is stated that all human beings were made in Gods’ image, and the monster was made in ours. The author goes on to debate whether or not we are physical, non-physical or both. From there he goes off into the different views of being physical, non-physical or both.
Physicalism is the first view explored by the author. This is a theory in philosophy that essentially states that humans are complex material objects containing no immaterial parts or aspects. This is just a general definition of physicalism, as there are several different types with each being just slightly different from the last. One of these previously mentioned views …show more content…
says that everything existing is physical, not just humans, and nothing that exists is non-physical.
Dualism was mentioned next by the author. This view opposes physicalism, and all dualists agree that humans are more than simply physical creatures. Dualism is comprised of the belief that humans are physical beings, but they have a non-physical component to them. There are two types of dualists mentioned in the essay, the first being property dualists. Their view is that humans are physical but have mental properties. The second type mentioned was substance dualist. Substance dualists believe that humans are made up of a body and a soul, and the two have different relations with one another. Some also say that we are souls that possess bodies.
Argument
The author is correct in his conclusion that we as humans are non-physical beings. One way this is proven is the soul must exist prior to birth because often we, humans, recall things that could not have been learned in this life. In this, we recognize things as unequal and striving to be equal, but are yet deficient in their equality. By noticing things being unequal, we must, in turn, recognize and comprehend just exactly what equality is. For these reasons the soul must exist before it acquires a body.
Things that have more complexity are more likely to be destroyed than things that are simple.
A nonphysical, the soul, is in its most true and simple form, and is much less apt to “break” or be destroyed. Whereas physical, visible things consisting of many parts are susceptible to forms of break down and mutilation such as decay and corruption. Due to the visibility of the physical being or body it is subject to go through decomposition, whereas the soul is invisible, and never has to go through such a physical process. Invisible things are durable things, and this allows the soul to outlast the body and not go through the same physical processes. The philosophical soul is thought to take on a form–like configuration, allowing it to be immortal and survive the death of the
body.
One argument that supports the non-physical view is the argument of opposites. Things that have an opposite come to be from their opposite. An example is if something becomes taller, it became taller from being short. This is very similar to the soul and the body. Because dying comes from living, living must come from dying. Therefore, humans must experience life after death. Between the two stages of death and rebirth, the soul lives separately from the body. Here the soul is afforded a glimpse at its most pure form undiluted with physical matter. Death liberates the soul, therefore allowing the philosophical soul to be unafraid to die.
A common view is that the mind and body are one in the same. This is not true; two things are the same only if they share all of the same properties. The body takes up space and can always be divided, where the mind and soul are not space oriented and cannot be physically divided. Because the mind and body both possess different attributes, they cannot be the same thing. Minds are unable to be identical to their body and any of their parts or systems. Although it makes sense to refer to just the left or right brain, it does not make any sense to say that one only possesses half of a desire, or has parts of a headache. This, rather, is a mental state that unifies all states and holds true. The mind is one of many ideas, but all of these ideas are from one unified, indivisible mind.
Another argument raised is that awareness is not continuous due to sleep intervals, anesthesia and unconsciousness. The mind has both conscious and unconscious thoughts. The statement provided previously shows only that the mind is not constantly engaged in conscious manifestation. This argument is trying to show that the mind is not able to be spatially divided, but consciousness is always temporarily devisable.