Swift was enraged at the passivity of the Irish people, who had become so habituated to the situation that they seemed incapable of making any effort to change it. The Irish Parliament ignored proposals such as taxation of absentee landlords, and improvement of manufactured goods, made by Swift, which he believed would begin to rectify the unfortunate state that Ireland was in. At the time this pamphlet was written, and for many years afterward, Ireland, highly dependent on England, was a country that was severely poor. Most people born there were Roman Catholics and employed as agricultural laborers or tenant farmers. The ruling class, most of whom were not born there nor did they live there permanently, were Protestants. The government was corrupt and broken; there was no social security system, and starvation was quite common. The Modest Proposal begins by describing this very real poverty of the people in Ireland. Swift describes the facts sympathetically, stating that there are an excessive number of children who can not be fed.
Swift humiliates the people of Ireland throughout his proposal with a sense of hidden sarcasm. Swift expresses that the children of the poor