Swot Analysis In Apa Format

Running head: CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE
Paper Formatting Tip: All parts of your paper should: have 1 inch margins be double-spaced use only normal double spacing after paragraphs (no extra spaces) use 12 point Times New Roman font Header Tip: The first page’s header section is different than the headers on the rest of the paper. This header should include: a page number (right justified) the words Running head: title in ALL CAPS (abbreviate if over 50 characters) Be sure to left-justify the text in the header. Double check to make sure you use Times New Roman 12 point font in your header!

1

Citing Sources in APA Style Your Full Name Rasmussen College
Title Tip: Position your title in the upper half of the paper. Start approximately
8 lines down from the top of the paper (hit “enter” 4 times when double spacing). The title of your paper should concisely summarize the topic of your paper. The title should be in upper and lower case and be centered. It should be followed by your name and your institutional affiliation (Rasmussen College).

Author Note

This research is being submitted on February 22, 2011, for John Smith's G124 English Composition course.
Author Note Tip: APA does not require an Author Note, but Rasmussen does. Your author note should be below your title information. Start approximately 8 lines down (hit “enter” 4 times when double spacing) from your title/author/institutional affiliation section. The words Author Note are centered, but the actual note is left justified and indented like a normal paragraph. For Rasmussen student papers, it is required that your author note include: the type of project you are submitting (e.g. research, essay, or poem) the date your instructor’s name the course number (and section number, if appropriate) the name of the course

This sample paper was last updated March 19, 2011. If you notice any errors, please notify [e-mail] so we may investigate and update the handout as necessary.

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE
Title Tip: The title should be in upper and lower case and centered at the beginning of your paper.

Header Tip: The header section is different than the header on the title page. While it does include title and page number, it does NOT include the words Running head:

2

Citing Sources in APA Style A basic paper consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction introduces your topic and typically summarizes your main points and ends with a thesis statement. The body of your paper should address each of your main points and include your own insights or conclusions. Each point should be supported by facts, statistics, or examples found during your research. When you are sharing information in your paper that is not your own original insight, you need to include both an in-text citation and a matching entry in your references page to give credit to the original author of the idea. Your paper should include verbatim quotes and paraphrases or summaries of information from your sources. This paper explains in detail the many types of in-text citations and the importance of creating them using correct APA formatting.

Example of a level one heading. Notice that it is both centered and bold.

Types of In-Text Citations for Paraphrases and Summaries In-text citations are shortened versions of the information in your reference list and are designed to be minimally disruptive to the flow of your writing. That is why the in-text citation typically includes only the author‟s last name and the date. In-text citations are used when you paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise put information you have learned during your research into your own words. The first two in-text citations in this paper are examples of how to utilize intext citations when you are paraphrasing or summarizing. The first citation appears at the end of the sentence in parentheses. To create a citation of this type, place the author‟s last name, a comma, and the year of publication at the end of the sentence (Amato, 2009). Notice the comma and space after the author‟s name and notice that the period for the sentence is after the final parenthesis. The second citation in this paper includes the author‟s name as part of the sentence,

In-text citation at end of sentence. Notice that the end of sentence punctuation follows the citation. Check the References page of this paper to see the matching Amato reference. All in-text citations must match the first word(s) of their corresponding reference items.

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE

3

this helps to vary your writing style.
Notice that when this happens, only the year of publication is placed in parentheses. According to Robins (2009), once you have included a citation like this, you can from then on refer to the author without using the date. Robins notes you must be sure your reader will not be confused with another author cited elsewhere in your paper. Finally, note that if you use a parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence, your author‟s name must always be followed by the date. Types of In-Text Citations for Direct Quotes A second situation when an in-text citation is needed is when you use the exact words of your source, or a direct quote. Direct quotes need to be enclosed in quotation marks. The following sentence contains a direct quote. Amato (2009) notes that APA requires a quote to be “in quotations marks to indicate that it is indeed a quote, rather than a paraphrase” (p. 60). You will notice that this type of citation is different from the in-text citations for paraphrases and summaries because it includes the page number where the words in quotations can be located. A quotation from a web page should include the paragraph number if there are no page numbers. Notice APA uses the abbreviation of p. for page and para. for paragraph and that there is a space between the p. and the actual page number. In-Text Citations with Multiple Authors If you have information from a resource with two authors, you list both authors within the in-text
citation. The authors‟ last names are separated with the ampersand sign (&), not the word and. Here is an example of how a paraphrased end-of-sentence citation would look: (Roen, Glau & Maid, 2009). It is important to note that if you mention the authors within the sentence rather than in parentheses, you should identify them using the word and, not &. This type of in-text citation will look like this: Roen, Glau, and Maid (2009) note that “proper documentation of
In-text citation for three authors. Two, four and five authors are handled in the same manner the first time the source is cited. In-text citation for a quote includes page number.

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE appropriate sources lends ethos and credibility to you as a writer and enhances your argument” (p. 532). If you have six or more authors, your in-text citation will look like this: (Kent et al., 2010). If you have three to five authors, the first time you cite them, your citation will list all of the authors; all subsequent citations will list only the first author, like the Kent citation above.

4

Creating in-text citations for sources with many authors can be confusing. Table 1 will help you cite your authors correctly. Table 1 In-Text Citation of Various Numbers of Authors
In-text citation for six or more authors. Sources with three to five authors follow this example after they have been cited once.

Italicize the title of the table and the word Note.

Note. Taken from Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed., p. 177), 2010, Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association. Copyright 2010 by the American Psychological Association. Reprinted within APA‟s allowable use guidelines. In-Text Citations for Online Sources Researching information for a paper may involve the use of the Internet. Research information can come from a web page or it may come from an online source such as a subscription database. The in-text citation for a web page will include the author and the date of

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE publication. If there is no author, including a corporate or group author, or date, you should carefully check the quality of the information to ensure it is good enough to use in an academic paper. If you choose to use it, its in-text citation will begin with the title (the information that

5

comes first in the references list when there is no author) and end with n.d. (the abbreviation for no date). You will not use the URL as part of the in-text citation. Websites with no authors should be cited with the first few words of their title (“APA In-Text Citation Guidelines,” 2011). If you are using a direct quote from a web page, you will need to identify the paragraph
For more information, please see the library’s handout on DOIs.

In-text citation for a website with no author.

number in which the quote can be found.
Here is an example of this type of in-text citation from a web page: “because online materials can potentially change URLs, APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as opposed to the URL” (Angeli et al., 2011, para. 3). Indirect Quotes, Block Quotes, and Personal Communications If you are quoting a quote that someone else used, known as an indirect quote, your intext citation should refer to the source you actually had in hand. Do not refer to the item that your source used. In addition, you will want to acknowledge that your source quoted someone else. For example, imagine you had an article written by Klein. In the article, Klein quoted from another source, say The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS). You want to use the quote from CMS, but you don‟t actually have the CMS in your possession. You would quote Klein and the CMS in the following way: According to Klein, APA‟s Publication Manual does not cover all issues. Specifically, APA‟s Publication Manual does not cover the spacing between single and double quotation marks. In cases such as these, Klein says to “follow The Chicago Manual of Style, which states „no space need be added between the two except as a typographical nicety‟ ” (Klein, 2011, p. 1). Notice that Klein‟s words are in double quotation marks and the words
from
In-text citation for quote from website with author. Citation includes paragraph number because it is a quote.

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE CMS are in single quotation marks. Only Klein is in the references list at the end of the paper. The Chicago Manual of Style is not.

6

Block quotes are used for any direct quotes that are 40 words or more. If you have such a long quotation, you will want to introduce it and block indent the whole quotation. Block quotations do not have quotation marks surrounding them because the block indent tells the reader it is a quotation. An example of a block quote follows: Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark. (Angeli et al., 2011, para. 27) Block quotes should be used sparingly. Do not use them as space fillers! Personal communications include information that is not retrievable, such as phone conversations, interviews, email, memos, and personal letters. Personal communications are unique in APA because they are cited in-text but do not have a corresponding entry in the references list. An example of a personal communication in-text citation might look like this: According to L. Harrington (personal communication, February 22, 2011), interviews included in papers need to be relevant. The end of your paper should be your references list. It is a separate page in which you provide complete information about each item cited in-text so that your readers can find it for their own use. You should have at least one in-text citation in your paper for each item in your

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE references list. If you do not, make sure to include one or remove the item from the reference list. Finally, each in-text citation must have a matching reference listing, except for personal communications that are referred to within the text of your paper only.

7

References Page Tips: Note these features of the references page: The references page always begins on its own page at the end of the paper. The references page begins with the word References, which is centered at the top of the page. All sources are listed alphabetically by the first word in the reference (usually the author’s last name). Hanging indents should be used so that the second line of the reference (if present) is indented. DOIs for e-journal articles may be listed in the database, on the article, or found via the use of http://www.CrossRef.org. For more information, please see the library’s handout on DOIs. All APA references are put together in the same way with the same information and in the same order: who did it (author, artist, director, etc.) when they did it (publication or creation date) what they did (title) how to get it (varies based on type of source) o publisher and place of publication for books o periodical title, volume, issue, and page numbers for journals o periodical title, date, and page numbers for newspapers and magazines o URL or web address for web pages Once you have a basic understanding of how reference items are put together, use the Rasmussen College Library’s subscription to NoodleTools’ NoodleBib software to prepare, format, export, and/or print your reference page. Note: Microsoft Word 2007’s APA formatting feature does NOT create some references correctly.

CITING SOURCES IN APA STYLE

Header Tip: Note that the references page includes a title and page number in the header, just like all the other pages in the paper.

8

References Amato, C. J. (2009). The world’s easiest guide to using the APA (4th ed.). Corona, CA: Stargazer. Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., ... Keck, R. (2011, Feb. 3). Reference list: Electronic sources. Retrieved from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/ APA in-text citation guidelines. (2011). Retrieved from Golden Gate University website: http://www.ggu.edu/university_library/research_assistance/research_assistance_citing_so urces/apa_in_text_citation_guidelines Kent, R. M., Friedman, R., Goodwyn, R., Hafner, A. W., Long, M. J., Kessinger, J., ... Weintraub, T. S. (1989). Plagiarism and confidentiality in the high school library. American Libraries, 20(4), 291. Retrieved from http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/ Klein, S. (2011, March 11). Single quotes within double quotes [Web log post]. Retrieved from APA Style: http://blog.apastyle.org/ Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). (2010). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association. Robins, J. (2009). The first word: A letter from the publications editor. Journal of Advanced Academics, 21(1), 5-7. Retrieved from http://www.jaa.uconn.edu/ Roen, D., Glau, G. R., & Maid, B. M. (2009). Writing for college, writing for life. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.