Sympathetic Nervous System

1.) Name and describe the function of each part of a neuron.
What is a neuron? The neurons are the basic elements of our nervous system. You can call them specialized cells in which includes the units of info-development in our brain, are very responsible for the perception and the transportation of information.
Each part of the neuron has a very important role providing information in the whole body. The most important parts of a neuron are: a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
• Cell Body, also called soma contains the nucleus, which itself has the genetic material in the shape of chromosomes. The nucleus and the soma have no active part in the transportation of the neural signal. Cell body; produce proteins that other parts of the neuron
as axons and dendrites must have a proper function.
• Neurons have a great number of extensions called dendrites. Dendrites this name comes from the Greek language meaning "tree". Actually dendrites I call them a spider web because it has so many branches they seem stuck together like a spider web. The dendrites have a very precise role and particular. They receive the chemical Messages from other specialized cells, and which outputs to the soma some of electrical stimulations.
• The last part component of neuron is axon.
It is the most stretched fiber, which goes from the cell body to the last part and sends the neuronal signals. If the axon is bigger, the information arrives faster.

2.) Using examples, discuss the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity.
Autonomic nervous system is divided in two sections such as sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
• Sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for a vigorous physical activity; the effects are called “fight or flight” response. For example, Jill goes for jogging on the park and she realize that is a bear in front of her and her brain immediately classified as a big threat. In a fraction of a second the sympathetic nervous system is activated without any conscious controlled by Jill at all, several body functions are affected all at once. What happen when Jill got scared? These are the side effects that are produced by sympathetic nervous system.
1. Increase heart rate, means increases oxygen and nutrition that reach the brain and muscles preparing them for action.
2. Pupils of the eyes are dilated because the sympathetic nervous system is open or activated when people are
surprised.
3. In the lungs the bronchioles are dilated, help to get more oxygen into the lungs, to keep up increases blood flow through the lungs.
4. Glucose is release by liver in the bloodstream, this provide energy to power the muscles in case of running away.
5.
Digestion activity is closed.
6. Adrenal glands found in the kidney are stimulated to secret epinephrine and norepinephrine has the same basic effects on the nerves in the sympathetic nervous system, which mean to be in alert and to respond the stress.
7. The last one, bladder is relaxed.

• Parasympathetic nervous system helps the body to relax and prevents or decreases most of high-energy functions. The effects are called “rest and digest” response.
Parasympathetic nervous system is best illustrated as an example when someone is eating or reading. For example, when a person reads a book eyes are concentrated on the words, in that moment the parasympathetic nervous system is activated. The pupils of the eyes are constricted to a normal size and the lenses are accommodated for a closer vision in order to improve clearness in the process of close-up image of the book. The heart rate, the blood pressure, and breathing get at low normal levels. Also, salivary glands start producing saliva, and the digestive system start to work again in digesting the food. Also, the nerves are calmed and the brain is adept at perceiving much faster the information, which means that the person who is reading can better understand the story of the
book.