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Lesson 1: Basics of Accounting

Lesson Objectives
On completion of this lesson, you will be able to understand Principles and concepts of Accounting Double Entry System of Accounting Financial Statements

1.1 Introduction
Accounting is a process of identifying, recording, summarising and reporting economic information to decision makers in the form of financial statements. Financial statements will be useful to the following parties: Suppliers Customers Employees Banks Suppliers of equipments, buildings and other assets Lenders Owners

1.1.1 Types of Accounts
There are basically three types of Accounts maintained for transactions : Real Accounts Personal Accounts Nominal Accounts

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Basics of Accounting

Real Accounts Real Accounts are Accounts relating to properties and assets, which are owned by the business concern. Real accounts include tangible and intangible accounts. For example, Land Building Goodwill Purchases Cash Personal Accounts Personal Accounts are Accounts which relate to persons. Personal Accounts include the following. Suppliers Customers Lenders Nominal accounts Nominal Accounts are Accounts which relate to incomes and expenses and gains and losses of a business concern. For example, Salary Account Dividend Account Sales Accounts can be broadly classified under the following four groups. Assets Liabilities Income Expenses The above classification is the basis for generating various financial statements viz., Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss A/c and other MIS reports. The Assets and liabilities are taken to Balance sheet and the Income and Expenses accounts are posted to Profit and Loss Account.