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Tamadun India Case Study

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Tamadun India Case Study
Tamadun india banyak memberi sumbangan kepada ekonomi serantau dari segi perdagangan. Kegiatan perdagangan bermula sejak abad ketiga sebelum masihi yang melibatkan perdagangan dengan wilayah luar India. Terdapat banyak faktor yang mendorong kepada kegiatan perdagangan ini. Antaranya ialah hubungan perdagangan Tamadun India iaitu Kerajaan Maurya dengan Negara luar seperti Macendonia, Sri Lanka, Asia Tengah dan Asia Tenggara.
Selain itu, terdapat pelabuhan yang menghubungkan India dengan negara luar dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan seperti Tamralipti, Ghantashala, Kadlura, Broach, Chaul dan Cambay merupakan pelabuhan penting bagi Tamadun India. Pusat-pusat perdagangan yang penting di India termasuk Anga, Kajinga dan Kasrusa mempunyai barang dagangan yang banyak seperti senjata, gading gajah, emas, berlian, mutiara dan lain-lain. Hal
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Matlamatnya ialah mengawal harga, kualiti barangan dan perkhidmatan serta gaji pekerja. Jyesthaka merupakan gelaran yang diberikan kepada ketua persatuan-persatuan ini. Mahkamah juga memainkan peranan bagi mengadili segala aktiviti persatuan. Unduang-undang juga tela digubal bagi mengawal dan perlaksanaan persatuan ini yang diawasi oleh raja.
Pada zaman Asoka dari Dinasti Maurya, Asoka telah memperkenalkan memperkenalkan cukai tanah dan cukai ke atas hasil seperti cukai pengeluaran pertanian, cukai pengeluaran barang-barang dagangan, cukai jalan, dan cukai pinjaman. Cukai tersebut ditetapkan dengan kadar tertentu. Cukai yang utama adalah cukai levi yang dikenakan pada para petani atas hasil pertanian mereka. Misalnya, cukai pengeluaran ditetapkan 1/6 daripada jumlah pengeluaran dan mungkin akan berubah kadarnya dikenali sebagai Bhaga. Di samping itu, petani juga perlu membayar cukai taksiran yang dikenakan pada beberapa

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