Task Focused Coping Strategies

Carver and Scheier (1994) stated that the coping strategies an individual uses might be relative to the stages, or phases, of a stressful situation. The researchers stated that a more solution focused coping strategy could be used in the beginning stage of a stressful situation followed by a more emotional coping strategy (Carver & Scheier, 1994). Carver and Scheier also identified the use of more negative coping strategies like denial, disengagement from the stressor, and the use of alcohol (Carver & Scheier, 1994). Coping strategies, for the purpose of this study, will be divided into three types: task-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance-focused (Endler & Parker, 1990).

Task-focused Coping. Task-focused coping strategies include assessing challenges and Problem solving to alleviate stress (Endler & Parker, 1990). Carver, Scheier, and Weintraub (1989) defined this type of coping as attempting to modify the source of stress by using problem solving and planning. Examples of task-focused coping include coming up with a plan to get rid of the problem and thinking of a plan of action (Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989). Task-focused coping can be effective in reducing burden, and is negatively correlated
Emotion-focused coping are cognitive strategies used to lessen psychological stress Examples of emotion-focused coping strategies include attempting to take a positive point-of-view or confiding in a friend (Endle & Parker, 1990). Emotion-focused strategies may also include using religion, humor, or acceptance to lessen the effect of a stressor (Carver et al., 1989). Individuals who are depressed and anxious are more likely to use emotion-focused strategies than task-focused coping strategies (Endler & Parker, 1990). Endler and Parker stated that women are more likely to use emotion-focused coping strategies. Among caregivers, females are also more likely to use emotion-focused coping