Task Lymphatic System
Merit task- lymphatic system
A detailed explanation as to how the lymphatic system protects the body showing use of at least 4 different types of information.
It protects the body by the lymph nodes. They are hundreds of small lymph nodes clustered along the lymphatic vessels. They are bean shaped and less than 2.5cm long. Each is surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Strands of connective tissue from the capsule extend inwards and divide the node into compartments. Many reticulate fibres support the internal structures and the lymphocytes. Lymph nodes contain many B lymphocytes which many be dividing to produce plasma cells. They also contain T lymphocytes that are in transit as these cells circulate between the blood, lymph nodes and the …show more content…
The macrophages are attracted to invading pathogens by chemicals. They ingest the pathogen and break it down into smaller pieces. They then put pieces of the pathogens outer membrane that contains the pathogens antigens onto its surface membrane. It is now called an antigen presenting cell. Each antigen has a specific shape. Somewhere in the lymphatic system there is one T lymphocyte that has receptors that fit this antigen. The macrophage searches for this T lymphocyte. When it is found, the T lymphocyte docks with the antigen on the surface of the macrophage. This stimulates the T lymphocyte to multiply and produce helper T cells and killer T cells. Helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide. Killer T cells destroy cells that are infected with viruses and also destroy cancer cells. There is also a B lymphocyte with receptors to fit this antigen. When that has been found, it multiplies, in the lymph node and produces lots of identical B lymphocytes. Some become plasma cells. These produce antibodies which enter the bloodstream and combat the pathogens. Antibodies may clump viruses together to stop them from entering cells or they may coat bacteria so macrophages and neutrophils may digest them. Some form memory cells that stay in the body, ready for a quicker or greater response if that pathogen invades
A detailed explanation as to how the lymphatic system protects the body showing use of at least 4 different types of information.
It protects the body by the lymph nodes. They are hundreds of small lymph nodes clustered along the lymphatic vessels. They are bean shaped and less than 2.5cm long. Each is surrounded by a fibrous capsule. Strands of connective tissue from the capsule extend inwards and divide the node into compartments. Many reticulate fibres support the internal structures and the lymphocytes. Lymph nodes contain many B lymphocytes which many be dividing to produce plasma cells. They also contain T lymphocytes that are in transit as these cells circulate between the blood, lymph nodes and the …show more content…
The macrophages are attracted to invading pathogens by chemicals. They ingest the pathogen and break it down into smaller pieces. They then put pieces of the pathogens outer membrane that contains the pathogens antigens onto its surface membrane. It is now called an antigen presenting cell. Each antigen has a specific shape. Somewhere in the lymphatic system there is one T lymphocyte that has receptors that fit this antigen. The macrophage searches for this T lymphocyte. When it is found, the T lymphocyte docks with the antigen on the surface of the macrophage. This stimulates the T lymphocyte to multiply and produce helper T cells and killer T cells. Helper T cells stimulate B cells to divide. Killer T cells destroy cells that are infected with viruses and also destroy cancer cells. There is also a B lymphocyte with receptors to fit this antigen. When that has been found, it multiplies, in the lymph node and produces lots of identical B lymphocytes. Some become plasma cells. These produce antibodies which enter the bloodstream and combat the pathogens. Antibodies may clump viruses together to stop them from entering cells or they may coat bacteria so macrophages and neutrophils may digest them. Some form memory cells that stay in the body, ready for a quicker or greater response if that pathogen invades