Technology and World Change: Plastic Surgery, Now and Forever
Term 1, 2010/2011
Technology & World Change
Professor Pang Eng Fong
Web-Based Group Project Assignment
Plastic Surgery: Now & Forever
Class: G2
Group Members: Jesslyn Phoon Ying Chong Rayson Lee Rui Sheng Isaac Chin Yi Sing Shaun Teo Wei Wen
Table of Contents
1. History Of Cosmetic Surgery 3
2. Reconstructive Surgery 4 2.1 Medical Purposes 4 2.2 Birth Defects 5 2.3 Traumatic Injury 6
3. Cosmetic Surgery 7 3.1 Breast Augmentation 7 3.2 Liposuction 8 3.3 Sexual Rejuvenation 8
4. Drivers & Implications 9 4.1 Economic 9 4.2 Socio-cultural 10 4.2.1 Implications 10
5. Future and Emerging Trends and Technologies 11 5.1 Stem Cell Treatment 12 5.2 Minimally Invasive Procedures 13 5.3 Robotic Surgery 14
6. Conclusion 15
Bibliography 16
1. History Of Cosmetic Surgery
The earliest traces of Plastic Surgery date back almost 4000 years ago in ancient Egypt with evidence of skin grafts being used for the treatment on the face to repair fractures and facial injury. But the earliest written record was by Hindu surgeon, Shushruta in 600BC on procedures done on the nose, now known as Rhinoplasty. There were also traces in ancient Rome of breast reductions done on obese men and reconstructing ears and noses sliced off in gladiator fights(Lanham, 2009). Given that the procedure was done before polymer plastics was found, it is interesting to note that the term “Plastic” is derived from the Greek word plastikos, which means to mold or shape.
During the Middle Ages in Europe, Plastic Surgery became less popular due to a number of factors. First, it was deemed sinful by the Church as it is believed that the body was a work of God and should not be mended. Second, the procedures were known to be very painful, as anesthetics were not developed until the 19th century. It was only after local anesthetics became available that people were more receptive of the idea of Plastic surgery. Thirdly, the risk of infection was
Technology & World Change
Professor Pang Eng Fong
Web-Based Group Project Assignment
Plastic Surgery: Now & Forever
Class: G2
Group Members: Jesslyn Phoon Ying Chong Rayson Lee Rui Sheng Isaac Chin Yi Sing Shaun Teo Wei Wen
Table of Contents
1. History Of Cosmetic Surgery 3
2. Reconstructive Surgery 4 2.1 Medical Purposes 4 2.2 Birth Defects 5 2.3 Traumatic Injury 6
3. Cosmetic Surgery 7 3.1 Breast Augmentation 7 3.2 Liposuction 8 3.3 Sexual Rejuvenation 8
4. Drivers & Implications 9 4.1 Economic 9 4.2 Socio-cultural 10 4.2.1 Implications 10
5. Future and Emerging Trends and Technologies 11 5.1 Stem Cell Treatment 12 5.2 Minimally Invasive Procedures 13 5.3 Robotic Surgery 14
6. Conclusion 15
Bibliography 16
1. History Of Cosmetic Surgery
The earliest traces of Plastic Surgery date back almost 4000 years ago in ancient Egypt with evidence of skin grafts being used for the treatment on the face to repair fractures and facial injury. But the earliest written record was by Hindu surgeon, Shushruta in 600BC on procedures done on the nose, now known as Rhinoplasty. There were also traces in ancient Rome of breast reductions done on obese men and reconstructing ears and noses sliced off in gladiator fights(Lanham, 2009). Given that the procedure was done before polymer plastics was found, it is interesting to note that the term “Plastic” is derived from the Greek word plastikos, which means to mold or shape.
During the Middle Ages in Europe, Plastic Surgery became less popular due to a number of factors. First, it was deemed sinful by the Church as it is believed that the body was a work of God and should not be mended. Second, the procedures were known to be very painful, as anesthetics were not developed until the 19th century. It was only after local anesthetics became available that people were more receptive of the idea of Plastic surgery. Thirdly, the risk of infection was
Bibliography: American Academy of Cosmetic Surgery. (2010 йил 9-March). New survey indicates more than 17 million cosmetic procedures performed last year in U.S. Chicago. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2010). National Clearinghouse of Plastic Surgery Statistics. Arlington Heights, IL: American Society of Plastic Surgeons. BCC Research. (2009). ReportLinker. Retrieved 2010 йил 20-October from ReportLinker Website: http://www.reportlinker.com/p0132720/Cosmetic-Surgery-Markets-Products-and-Services.html Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery Cosmetic Surgery Statistics. (2008). Cosmetic Surgery Statistics. Retrieved 10 19, 2010, from Cosmetic Surgery Statistics: http://www.cosmeticplasticsurgerystatistics.com/statistics.html Cowles, R Fackler, M. (2009, 01 01). Economy Blunts Korea’s Appetite for Plastic Surgery. Retrieved 10 21, 2010, from The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/business/worldbusiness/02plastic.html Figueroa-Haas, D Hyland, T. (2008, 04 10). Look good, feel good . Retrieved 10 13, 2010, from Penn Current: http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/interviews/041008-1.html International Monetary Fund Keller, D. K. (2009). The Keller Funnel. Retrieved 10 21, 2010, from The Keller Funnel: http://kellerfunnel.com/ Lanham, P Mason, M. (2005, 07 26). A New Face: A Bold Surgeon. Retrieved 10 10, 2010, from New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/26/health/26face.html MedChoice Financial Miller, S. R. (2010 йил 24-07). Botox Injections – Benefits, Cost & Side Effects. Retrieved 2010 йил 17-10 from Consumer Guide to Plastic Surgery: http://www.yourplasticsurgeryguide.com/injectables-and-fillers/botox.htm Mosby Mosby. (2009). Mosby 's Medical Dictionary (8th Edition). St. Louis: Elsevier. National Institutes of Health. (2009 йил 29-04). Stem Cell Information. Retrieved 2010 йил 17-10 from The National Institutes of Health resource for stem cell research: http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics1.asp Operation Smile Schnur, P., & Pamela, H. (2010). The History of Plastic Surgery, ASPS and PSEF. Retrieved 2010 from American Society of Plastic Surgeons: http://www.plasticsurgery.org/About_ASPS/History_of_Plastic_Surgery.html Templeton, S.-K The Smile Train. (2010). The Smile Train. Retrieved 10 21, 2010, from The Smile Train Website: http://www.smiletrain.org/site/PageServer World Health Organization