Telmisartan Case Study

A combination of garlic and telmisartan protects against unilateral ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in obese rats
Obese patients encounter higher frequency and severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) than lean ones. Telmisartan is used experimentally in ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced AKI. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding its beneficial effects on AKI in obese animals. The present study, therefore, aimed to explore the protective effect of garlic and telmisartan against renal damage induced by unilateral IR in obese rats fed a high fat diet for 16 wk. We also compared the effects of garlic to telmisartan and to their combined administration. Meloxicam was used as a standard anti-inflammatory agent. Prophylactic oral
Both doses of telmisartan significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triacyglycerol levels as well as peri-renal adipocytes size and renal fibrosis. Renal nuclear factor-kappa B immunoreactivity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha content as well as interleukin-10, adiponectin receptor 1 and macrophages (M1, M2) polarization markers (CD11c, CD206) mRNA expressions were also down-regulated in ischemic kidney tissues and white adipose tissues around them by all treatments. Moreover, all drugs and the combinations significantly suppressed oxidative stress in renal ischemic tissues. Interestingly, the combinations provided a greater protection than individual treatments for histological structure and the majority of parameters in a dose-dependent manner. We suppose that this combination may be a
It is considered to be one of the leading causes of death in 20% of hospitalized patients and up to 50% of patients in the ICU [6]. It can result from renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in native and transplanted kidneys [7]. Renal IR injury is a major cause of acute renal failure with increased morbidity and mortality [8]. It is considered a risk factor for delayed graft function, acute rejection and long-term transplant loss during kidney transplantation [9]. Reduction of renal blood flow and hence reduction of oxygen supply to renal cells can lead to AKI [10]. Reperfusion of ischemic renal tissues initiates a complex series of cellular events that eventually lead to necrotic and apoptotic renal cell death. It induces also oxidative stress with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation leading to the release pro-inflammatory mediators in the reperfusion phase. These factors seem to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of renal IR. Consequently, several antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents were found to be effective in reducing renal injury resulting from IR. They improve the tolerability of the kidney to ischemic injury