Temperature Inversions And Air Pollution
35.Which is of the following would be likely to increase outdoor air pollution?
a.Wide open landscapes transport pollutants.
b.Hills and valleys increase the flow of air in valleys
c.Higher temperatures decrease chemical reactions leading to more photochemical smog formation.
d.FOC emissions from certain trees and plants can play a large role in creating photochemical smog.
e.Temperature inversions can help to disperse pollutants.
36.Which of the following statements is true?
a.Temperature inversion occurs when a layer of cold air prevents warm air from rising.
b.Temperature inversions exacerbate pollution problems.
c.Temperature inversions last only a few minutes to a few hours.
d.Normally, cool air near earth's surface expands …show more content…
and rises, carrying pollutants higher into the troposphere.
e.Temperature inversions help prevent air pollution
37.A temperature inversion is the result of
a.precipitation.
b.cold air drainage.
c.a lid of warm air on top of cooler, stagnant air.
d.a cold blanket of air that prevents warm air from rising.
e.mixing of cool and warm air
38.Which of the following areas would be least likely to have a temperature inversion?
a.an area near the coast
b.an area in the central plains
c.a valley surrounded by mountains
d.the leeward side of a mountain range
e.None of these answers.
39.The city in the United States distinguished by having the toughest pollution control program and the greatest air pollution problem is
a.New York City.
b.Birmingham, Alabama.
c.Los Angeles.
d.Boston.
e.Atlanta
Acid Deposition
40.Tall chimneys
a.are expensive ways to disperse pollution.
b.cannot carry the pollutants above any local inversion layer.
c.are an output approach to pollution.
d.increase pollution in upwind areas.
e.All of these answers.
41.Acid deposition is properly defined as the ____ deposition of ____ pollutants onto earth's surface.
a.wet . . . secondary
b.dry . . . secondary
c.wet and dry . . . primary
d.wet and dry . . . secondary
e.dry . . . primary
42.Typical rain in the eastern United States has a pH of
a.3.6.
b.4.6.
c.5.6.
d.6.6.
e.7.6
43.Acid deposition is best classified as a
a.local problem.
b.state problem.
c.regional problem.
d.national problem.
e.international problem
44.All of the following describe soils that are vulnerable to acid deposition except
a.thin.
b.low in buffering ions.
c.high in hydroxyl (OH-) ions.
d.acidic.
e.soils that have been depleted by decades of acid deposition.
45.Western and eastern Europe are the source of most of the acid deposition in
a.Israel.
b.Iran.
c.Canada.
d.Austria.
e.Germany
46.Experts rate acid rain as a
a.high-risk ecological and human health problem.
b.medium-risk ecological problem and high-risk human health problem.
c.high-risk ecological and low-risk human health problem.
d.medium-risk ecological and human health problem.
e.high-risk ecological problem and no-risk human health problem.
47.In general, acid deposition has harmful effects for terrestrial ecosystems when it falls below a pH level of
a.3.6.
b.4.6.
c.5.6.
d.6.6.
e.7.6
48.Acid deposition has been linked to
a.contamination of fish with highly toxic methylmercury.
b.excessive soil nitrogen levels.
c.reduced nutrient uptake by tree roots.
d.weakening trees so they become more susceptible to other types of damage.
e.All of these answers.
49.Approximately ___ % of China’s cropland suffers fromexcess acidity.
a.10
b.20
c.30
d.40
e.50
50.Of the following strategies to reduce acid deposition, the least effective is probably
a.removing sulfur from coal before it is burned.
b.reducing energy use.
c.switching to natural gas.
d.adding lime to neutralize the acids.
e.improving energy efficiency
Indoor Air Pollution
51.Experts rate indoor air pollution as a
a.high-risk health problem for humans.
b.medium-risk health problem for humans.
c.low-risk health problem for humans.
d.high-risk ecological problem.
e.None of these answers.
52.Of the following, the least vulnerable to air pollution are
a.sick people.
b.pregnant women.
c.infants and children.
d.white-collar workers.
e.smokers
53.EPA studies concluded all but the following:
a.Levels of 22 common pollutant are generally two-t five times higher inside U.S. homes ad commercial building that outdoors
b.In some cases, levels of 22 common pollutants can be up to 100 times higher inside U.S. homes and commercial buildings that outdoors.
c.Pollution levels inside cars in traffic-clogged urban areas can be up to 18 times higher than outside.
d.The health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants are magnified because most people in developed countries spend 70-98% of their times indoors or inside vehicles
e.Indoor air pollution from ground level ozone is much worse than ozone levels in traffic-clogged areas outdoors.
54.Which of the following is a likely contributor to increased cases of asthma?
a.dust mites
b.cockroach droppings
c.airborne spores of mold
d.mildew
e.All of the above.
55.Sick Building Syndrome is linked to all of the following except
a.headaches.
b.coughing and sneezing.
c.lung cancer.
d.chronic fatigue.
e.burning eyes
56.All of the following are on EPA's "four most dangerous indoor air pollutants list" except
a.asbestos
b.radon-222
c.sulfur dioxide
d.cigarette smoke
e.formaldehyde
57.Furniture stuffing, paneling, particle board, and foam insulation may be sources of
a.chloroform.
b.formaldehyde.
c.carbon monoxide.
d.asbestos.
e.sulfur dioxide
58.Formaldehyde is used in
a.particle board.
b.paneling.
c.plywood.
d.foam insulation.
e.All of these answers.
59.Exposure to indoor formaldehyde pollution is least likely to cause
a.ulcers.
b.headaches.
c.chronic breathing problems.
d.dizziness.
e.sore throat
60.Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are most likely to be caused by
a.formaldehyde.
b.cigarette smoke.
c.particulate matter.
d.asbestos.
e.chloroform.
61.Radioactive ____ is a product of uranium decay and an indoor air pollutant.
a.radon
b.radium
c.plutonium
d.lead
e.hydrogen
62.On average, radon levels should be monitored continuously in the main living areas of houses for ___.
a.two-to-seven days per year
b.one-to-two weeks per year
c.regular patterns throughout the year
d.two moths to a year per year
e.six-to-seven months per year
63.Radon-222 is
a.a nauseating gas.
b.a product of organic decay.
c.particularly concentrated in underground deposits of limestone and sandstone.
d.basically a problem in confined spaces and underground wells over radon-containing deposits.
e.not dangerous because it is easily seen and smelled.
64.In 1988, the EPA and the U.S. Surgeon General recommended that everyone living in a detached house or the first three floors of an apartment building test for radon. By 2004, ______% of all households had tested for radon.
a.6
b.12
c.24
d.48
e.36
Health Effects of Air Pollution
65.Humans are protected from air pollution by
a.sneezing and coughing.
b.mucus capturing small particles.
c.nasal hairs filtering out large particles.
d.tiny mucus-coated hairlike structures called cilia.
e.All of these answers.
66.Years of smoking and exposure to air pollutants can contribute to the incidence of
a.emphysema.
b.chronic bronchitis.
c.lung cancer.
d.asthma.
e.All of these answers.
67.The people least vulnerable to air pollution are
a.infants.
b.elderly people.
c.adult males.
d.people with heart and respiratory disease.
e.pregnant women
68.Which of the following would you expect to show the least damage from air pollution?
a.clothing
b.plastic swimming pool
c.marble statue
d.exterior paint on a car
e.roofing material
69.International trade is increasing air pollution in the United States by
a.permitting pollution emitting chemicals into the U.S. due to free trade agreements.
b.increased economic activity and associated pollution being transported to the U.S.
c.Increasingly larger cargo ships coming into harbors and emitting massive pollution from diesel engines
d.Lax air pollution standards in other countries.
e.All of the above.
Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
70.National ambient air quality standards
a.have been established for almost 100 air pollutants.
b.must be met by 50 major U.S. metropolitan areas that are responsible for implementation plans.
c.are established by Congress.
d.specify the maximum allowable level, averaged over a specific time period, for a certain outdoor air pollutant.
e.specify the minimum allowable level, averaged over a specific time period, for a certain outdoor air pollutant
71.The effectiveness of the pollution prevention approach is best illustrated by the sharp drop in atmospheric
a.ozone.
b.sulfur dioxide.
c.lead.
d.carbon monoxide.
e.nitrogen oxide
72.Environmentalists criticize the Clean Air Act of 1990 for all of the following except
a.failing to establish primary ambient air quality standards.
b.failing to increase the fuel-efficiency standards for cars and light trucks.
c.doing too little to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
d.relying primarily on pollution cleanup rather than pollution prevention.
e.not adequately regulating emissions from inefficient, two-cycle gasoline engines
73.An emissions trading policy tried on _____ cut U.S. emissions by 52%.
a.carbon oxides.
b.sulfur dioxide.
c.asbestos.
d.lead.
e.carbon dioxide
74.According to a 2005 EPA report, pollution levels from all but which of the following was reduced between 1970 and 2004?
a.lead
b.Suspended particulate matter
c.ground level ozone levels
d.carbon monoxide
e.sulfur dioxide
75.Which of the following is a scientifically recognized deficiency to the Clean Air Act?
a.Regulations on carbon monoxide are too lax.
b.The United States relies too heavily on pollution prevention
c.Emission regulations for motorcycles is too strict compared with regulations for cars.
d.Airports are exempt from many air pollution regulations.
e.Oceangoing ships are not required to be regulated for fuel efficiency.
76.Of the following strategies to reduce emissions of pollutants from stationary sources, the one which is least likely to help over the long run is
a.burning low-sulfur coal.
b.removing sulfur from coal.
c.dispersing pollutants above the thermal inversion layer.
d.shifting to less polluting fuels.
e.convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel
77.Particulates can be removed from stack exhaust gases by all of the following methods except
a.baghouse filters.
b.wet scrubbers.
c.mini-incinerators.
d.cyclone separators.
e.electrostatic precipitator.
78.Which of the following is an output pollution reduction approach?
a.electrostatic precipitator
b.coal gasification
c.fluidized bed combustion
d.burning low sulfur coal
e.energy conservation
79.Which of the following would function as a pollution cleanup method for motor vehicles?
a.Improve motor efficiency.
b.Rely on mass transit and bicycles.
c.Use emission-control devices.
d.Add a charge to new cars based on the amount of pollution they produce.
e.All of these answers.
80.Methods to prevent pollution from motor vehicle emissions include all of the following except
a.improving fuel efficiency and modifying the internal combustion engine to reduce emissions.
b.raising annual registration fees on older, more polluting cars.
c.using pollution control devices.
d.giving subsidies to car makers for each low-polluting, energy-efficient car they sell.
e.restrict driving in polluted areas
81.Of the following motor vehicle fuels, the greatest polluter is
a.gasoline.
b.hydrogen gas.
c.alcohol.
d.natural gas.
e.battery
82.Indoor air pollution could be sharply reduced by
a.modifying building codes to prevent radon infiltration.
b.requiring exhaust hoods or vent pipes for stoves, refrigerators, or other appliances burning natural gas or other fossil
fuels.
c.setting emission standards for building materials.
d.use office machine in well-ventilated areas.
e.All of these answers.
83.One way to help protect the atmosphere would be to
a.quickly burn all remaining fossil fuels to encourage faster change to alternative fuels.
b.compartmentalize air pollution, water pollution, and energy policies so that each department has its own focus.
c.emphasize local control and responsibility for air pollution.
d.control population growth.
e.decrease use of renewable energy
84.Which of the following strategies would help protect the atmosphere?
a.Use a city-by-city rather than regional approach to air quality control.
b.Shift from renewable to more efficient nonrenewable energy resources.
c.Integrate air pollution, water pollution, energy, land-use, and population regulation policies.
d.Exclude social costs of air pollution from pricing strategies.
e.Decrease use of renewable energy
Labeling
85.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the letter that represents the boundary in the atmosphere between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
86.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the letter that represents the area where air would be thin and temperatures vary greatly with solar activity.
87.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that contains ozone, which keeps approximately 95% of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation from reaching the earth’s surface.
88.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that represents the separation of the mesosphere and stratosphere.
89.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that represents part of the middle atmosphere in which temperatures vary greatly with altitude.
90.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents substances that can form by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with organic compounds.
91.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents a substance that is formed from the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide but can also result from stratospheric penetrations.
92.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents the substance that can result from the addition of water to nitrogen dioxide.
93.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents the substance for which formaldehyde is an example.
94.On the acid deposition figure, choose the letter that represents the wet acid deposition.
95.On the acid deposition figure, choose the letter that represents the transformation to sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
96.Tall buildings, mountains, and high temperatures all contribute to __________. | A. buffer | 97.A(n) __________ neutralizes a basic or acidic substance. | B. increased air pollution | 98.__________ is a colorless gas used in foam insulation and can cause irritation of eyes, throat, skin, and lungs. | C . Clean Air Acts | 99.The __________ established air pollution regulations for pollutants to be enforced by states and cities. | D. stationary source air pollution | 100.The cleanup of __________ involves discharging emissions above the thermal inversion layer, removing pollutants after combustion, and taxing pollution. | E. Formaldehyde |
a.Wide open landscapes transport pollutants.
b.Hills and valleys increase the flow of air in valleys
c.Higher temperatures decrease chemical reactions leading to more photochemical smog formation.
d.FOC emissions from certain trees and plants can play a large role in creating photochemical smog.
e.Temperature inversions can help to disperse pollutants.
36.Which of the following statements is true?
a.Temperature inversion occurs when a layer of cold air prevents warm air from rising.
b.Temperature inversions exacerbate pollution problems.
c.Temperature inversions last only a few minutes to a few hours.
d.Normally, cool air near earth's surface expands …show more content…
and rises, carrying pollutants higher into the troposphere.
e.Temperature inversions help prevent air pollution
37.A temperature inversion is the result of
a.precipitation.
b.cold air drainage.
c.a lid of warm air on top of cooler, stagnant air.
d.a cold blanket of air that prevents warm air from rising.
e.mixing of cool and warm air
38.Which of the following areas would be least likely to have a temperature inversion?
a.an area near the coast
b.an area in the central plains
c.a valley surrounded by mountains
d.the leeward side of a mountain range
e.None of these answers.
39.The city in the United States distinguished by having the toughest pollution control program and the greatest air pollution problem is
a.New York City.
b.Birmingham, Alabama.
c.Los Angeles.
d.Boston.
e.Atlanta
Acid Deposition
40.Tall chimneys
a.are expensive ways to disperse pollution.
b.cannot carry the pollutants above any local inversion layer.
c.are an output approach to pollution.
d.increase pollution in upwind areas.
e.All of these answers.
41.Acid deposition is properly defined as the ____ deposition of ____ pollutants onto earth's surface.
a.wet . . . secondary
b.dry . . . secondary
c.wet and dry . . . primary
d.wet and dry . . . secondary
e.dry . . . primary
42.Typical rain in the eastern United States has a pH of
a.3.6.
b.4.6.
c.5.6.
d.6.6.
e.7.6
43.Acid deposition is best classified as a
a.local problem.
b.state problem.
c.regional problem.
d.national problem.
e.international problem
44.All of the following describe soils that are vulnerable to acid deposition except
a.thin.
b.low in buffering ions.
c.high in hydroxyl (OH-) ions.
d.acidic.
e.soils that have been depleted by decades of acid deposition.
45.Western and eastern Europe are the source of most of the acid deposition in
a.Israel.
b.Iran.
c.Canada.
d.Austria.
e.Germany
46.Experts rate acid rain as a
a.high-risk ecological and human health problem.
b.medium-risk ecological problem and high-risk human health problem.
c.high-risk ecological and low-risk human health problem.
d.medium-risk ecological and human health problem.
e.high-risk ecological problem and no-risk human health problem.
47.In general, acid deposition has harmful effects for terrestrial ecosystems when it falls below a pH level of
a.3.6.
b.4.6.
c.5.6.
d.6.6.
e.7.6
48.Acid deposition has been linked to
a.contamination of fish with highly toxic methylmercury.
b.excessive soil nitrogen levels.
c.reduced nutrient uptake by tree roots.
d.weakening trees so they become more susceptible to other types of damage.
e.All of these answers.
49.Approximately ___ % of China’s cropland suffers fromexcess acidity.
a.10
b.20
c.30
d.40
e.50
50.Of the following strategies to reduce acid deposition, the least effective is probably
a.removing sulfur from coal before it is burned.
b.reducing energy use.
c.switching to natural gas.
d.adding lime to neutralize the acids.
e.improving energy efficiency
Indoor Air Pollution
51.Experts rate indoor air pollution as a
a.high-risk health problem for humans.
b.medium-risk health problem for humans.
c.low-risk health problem for humans.
d.high-risk ecological problem.
e.None of these answers.
52.Of the following, the least vulnerable to air pollution are
a.sick people.
b.pregnant women.
c.infants and children.
d.white-collar workers.
e.smokers
53.EPA studies concluded all but the following:
a.Levels of 22 common pollutant are generally two-t five times higher inside U.S. homes ad commercial building that outdoors
b.In some cases, levels of 22 common pollutants can be up to 100 times higher inside U.S. homes and commercial buildings that outdoors.
c.Pollution levels inside cars in traffic-clogged urban areas can be up to 18 times higher than outside.
d.The health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants are magnified because most people in developed countries spend 70-98% of their times indoors or inside vehicles
e.Indoor air pollution from ground level ozone is much worse than ozone levels in traffic-clogged areas outdoors.
54.Which of the following is a likely contributor to increased cases of asthma?
a.dust mites
b.cockroach droppings
c.airborne spores of mold
d.mildew
e.All of the above.
55.Sick Building Syndrome is linked to all of the following except
a.headaches.
b.coughing and sneezing.
c.lung cancer.
d.chronic fatigue.
e.burning eyes
56.All of the following are on EPA's "four most dangerous indoor air pollutants list" except
a.asbestos
b.radon-222
c.sulfur dioxide
d.cigarette smoke
e.formaldehyde
57.Furniture stuffing, paneling, particle board, and foam insulation may be sources of
a.chloroform.
b.formaldehyde.
c.carbon monoxide.
d.asbestos.
e.sulfur dioxide
58.Formaldehyde is used in
a.particle board.
b.paneling.
c.plywood.
d.foam insulation.
e.All of these answers.
59.Exposure to indoor formaldehyde pollution is least likely to cause
a.ulcers.
b.headaches.
c.chronic breathing problems.
d.dizziness.
e.sore throat
60.Respiratory illnesses in developing countries are most likely to be caused by
a.formaldehyde.
b.cigarette smoke.
c.particulate matter.
d.asbestos.
e.chloroform.
61.Radioactive ____ is a product of uranium decay and an indoor air pollutant.
a.radon
b.radium
c.plutonium
d.lead
e.hydrogen
62.On average, radon levels should be monitored continuously in the main living areas of houses for ___.
a.two-to-seven days per year
b.one-to-two weeks per year
c.regular patterns throughout the year
d.two moths to a year per year
e.six-to-seven months per year
63.Radon-222 is
a.a nauseating gas.
b.a product of organic decay.
c.particularly concentrated in underground deposits of limestone and sandstone.
d.basically a problem in confined spaces and underground wells over radon-containing deposits.
e.not dangerous because it is easily seen and smelled.
64.In 1988, the EPA and the U.S. Surgeon General recommended that everyone living in a detached house or the first three floors of an apartment building test for radon. By 2004, ______% of all households had tested for radon.
a.6
b.12
c.24
d.48
e.36
Health Effects of Air Pollution
65.Humans are protected from air pollution by
a.sneezing and coughing.
b.mucus capturing small particles.
c.nasal hairs filtering out large particles.
d.tiny mucus-coated hairlike structures called cilia.
e.All of these answers.
66.Years of smoking and exposure to air pollutants can contribute to the incidence of
a.emphysema.
b.chronic bronchitis.
c.lung cancer.
d.asthma.
e.All of these answers.
67.The people least vulnerable to air pollution are
a.infants.
b.elderly people.
c.adult males.
d.people with heart and respiratory disease.
e.pregnant women
68.Which of the following would you expect to show the least damage from air pollution?
a.clothing
b.plastic swimming pool
c.marble statue
d.exterior paint on a car
e.roofing material
69.International trade is increasing air pollution in the United States by
a.permitting pollution emitting chemicals into the U.S. due to free trade agreements.
b.increased economic activity and associated pollution being transported to the U.S.
c.Increasingly larger cargo ships coming into harbors and emitting massive pollution from diesel engines
d.Lax air pollution standards in other countries.
e.All of the above.
Preventing and Reducing Air Pollution
70.National ambient air quality standards
a.have been established for almost 100 air pollutants.
b.must be met by 50 major U.S. metropolitan areas that are responsible for implementation plans.
c.are established by Congress.
d.specify the maximum allowable level, averaged over a specific time period, for a certain outdoor air pollutant.
e.specify the minimum allowable level, averaged over a specific time period, for a certain outdoor air pollutant
71.The effectiveness of the pollution prevention approach is best illustrated by the sharp drop in atmospheric
a.ozone.
b.sulfur dioxide.
c.lead.
d.carbon monoxide.
e.nitrogen oxide
72.Environmentalists criticize the Clean Air Act of 1990 for all of the following except
a.failing to establish primary ambient air quality standards.
b.failing to increase the fuel-efficiency standards for cars and light trucks.
c.doing too little to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
d.relying primarily on pollution cleanup rather than pollution prevention.
e.not adequately regulating emissions from inefficient, two-cycle gasoline engines
73.An emissions trading policy tried on _____ cut U.S. emissions by 52%.
a.carbon oxides.
b.sulfur dioxide.
c.asbestos.
d.lead.
e.carbon dioxide
74.According to a 2005 EPA report, pollution levels from all but which of the following was reduced between 1970 and 2004?
a.lead
b.Suspended particulate matter
c.ground level ozone levels
d.carbon monoxide
e.sulfur dioxide
75.Which of the following is a scientifically recognized deficiency to the Clean Air Act?
a.Regulations on carbon monoxide are too lax.
b.The United States relies too heavily on pollution prevention
c.Emission regulations for motorcycles is too strict compared with regulations for cars.
d.Airports are exempt from many air pollution regulations.
e.Oceangoing ships are not required to be regulated for fuel efficiency.
76.Of the following strategies to reduce emissions of pollutants from stationary sources, the one which is least likely to help over the long run is
a.burning low-sulfur coal.
b.removing sulfur from coal.
c.dispersing pollutants above the thermal inversion layer.
d.shifting to less polluting fuels.
e.convert coal to a liquid or gaseous fuel
77.Particulates can be removed from stack exhaust gases by all of the following methods except
a.baghouse filters.
b.wet scrubbers.
c.mini-incinerators.
d.cyclone separators.
e.electrostatic precipitator.
78.Which of the following is an output pollution reduction approach?
a.electrostatic precipitator
b.coal gasification
c.fluidized bed combustion
d.burning low sulfur coal
e.energy conservation
79.Which of the following would function as a pollution cleanup method for motor vehicles?
a.Improve motor efficiency.
b.Rely on mass transit and bicycles.
c.Use emission-control devices.
d.Add a charge to new cars based on the amount of pollution they produce.
e.All of these answers.
80.Methods to prevent pollution from motor vehicle emissions include all of the following except
a.improving fuel efficiency and modifying the internal combustion engine to reduce emissions.
b.raising annual registration fees on older, more polluting cars.
c.using pollution control devices.
d.giving subsidies to car makers for each low-polluting, energy-efficient car they sell.
e.restrict driving in polluted areas
81.Of the following motor vehicle fuels, the greatest polluter is
a.gasoline.
b.hydrogen gas.
c.alcohol.
d.natural gas.
e.battery
82.Indoor air pollution could be sharply reduced by
a.modifying building codes to prevent radon infiltration.
b.requiring exhaust hoods or vent pipes for stoves, refrigerators, or other appliances burning natural gas or other fossil
fuels.
c.setting emission standards for building materials.
d.use office machine in well-ventilated areas.
e.All of these answers.
83.One way to help protect the atmosphere would be to
a.quickly burn all remaining fossil fuels to encourage faster change to alternative fuels.
b.compartmentalize air pollution, water pollution, and energy policies so that each department has its own focus.
c.emphasize local control and responsibility for air pollution.
d.control population growth.
e.decrease use of renewable energy
84.Which of the following strategies would help protect the atmosphere?
a.Use a city-by-city rather than regional approach to air quality control.
b.Shift from renewable to more efficient nonrenewable energy resources.
c.Integrate air pollution, water pollution, energy, land-use, and population regulation policies.
d.Exclude social costs of air pollution from pricing strategies.
e.Decrease use of renewable energy
Labeling
85.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the letter that represents the boundary in the atmosphere between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
86.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the letter that represents the area where air would be thin and temperatures vary greatly with solar activity.
87.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that contains ozone, which keeps approximately 95% of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation from reaching the earth’s surface.
88.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that represents the separation of the mesosphere and stratosphere.
89.On the atmospheric layers figure, choose the layer that represents part of the middle atmosphere in which temperatures vary greatly with altitude.
90.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents substances that can form by the reaction of nitrogen dioxide with organic compounds.
91.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents a substance that is formed from the photolysis of nitrogen dioxide but can also result from stratospheric penetrations.
92.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents the substance that can result from the addition of water to nitrogen dioxide.
93.On the simplified formation of photochemical smog figure, choose the letter that represents the substance for which formaldehyde is an example.
94.On the acid deposition figure, choose the letter that represents the wet acid deposition.
95.On the acid deposition figure, choose the letter that represents the transformation to sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
96.Tall buildings, mountains, and high temperatures all contribute to __________. | A. buffer | 97.A(n) __________ neutralizes a basic or acidic substance. | B. increased air pollution | 98.__________ is a colorless gas used in foam insulation and can cause irritation of eyes, throat, skin, and lungs. | C . Clean Air Acts | 99.The __________ established air pollution regulations for pollutants to be enforced by states and cities. | D. stationary source air pollution | 100.The cleanup of __________ involves discharging emissions above the thermal inversion layer, removing pollutants after combustion, and taxing pollution. | E. Formaldehyde |