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CHAPTER ONE.

1.1. Introduction

Tax compliance is a problem both in developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance cause the high cost of collection tax. Value added tax was introduction in Tanzania in the year 1998. This tax is charged on the consumption and supply goods and services. It is also charged on the importation of goods and services into the Tanzania mainland.( VAT Act 1997).

1.2. Historical background of the problem

The need for high tax compliance among tax payers is the desire to every government on today’s world, as tax is the most important source of public revenue. A high degree of voluntary compliance saves the tax department high cost of collection, guarantees a steady flow of revenue for development and helps the realization of various tax policies. Late payment of tax, late submission or non submission documents do not lead to the realization of the required revenues. Value added tax (VAT) is a tax charged on the value added, it was introduced in Tanzania in the year July 1998, after the value added, tax Act 1997. It replaced sales tax; stamp duty, hotel levy and internments tax. Since it’s introduction terms of revenue collected has been promising in the sense that it has been increasing but this should not make use to loose the millions of the revenue the government to collect. There has been constant efforts among tax payers to reduce theirs tax liability, the basic behavior assumption is that people are free riders no one will voluntary to the government until to use method of enforcement under income tax Act section (110,112,112,113 and 114), so people have been less willing to settle their civic duties of paying tax without use force. Retail traders for instance, the amount they are liable to remit to the revenue authority is the amount by which output tax exceeds input tax deductable, there has been endless struggles among them to reduce output tax by understating sales so as to reduce the figure out tax



Bibliography: Income Tax Act (2004), Act No 11 of 2004, Government Printer, Dar es salaam: Tanzania. Kothari, C.R (2004), Research Methodology: Methods and Technique (2nd Edition), New Age International Publisher, New Delhi. Krishnaswamw, O.R (2003), Methodology of Research in Social Sciences (1st Edition), Himalaya Publishing House. Mathieson, A (1990), Advanced Taxation (2nd Edition), Longman Publisher, London. Cunnel, C.R (1987), Economics (9th Edition), Lincoln Mponguliana, R.G (2000), The Theory and Practice of Taxation in Tanzania (1st Edition), Printing Service Ltd, Dar es sallam: Tanzania. Hanson, J.L (1977), A Textbook of Economics (7th Edition), Pitman Publishing, London. Saleemi, N.A (1994), Element of Tax Simplified (2nd Edition), N.A Saleemi Publishers, Nairobi: Kenya. Stigliz, E.J (1996), Economics of Public Sector (3rd Edition), W.W Norton Company, New York. Alliygham, M.G and Sandom, T. (1989), Income Tax Evasion: a Theoreticak Analysis Journal of Public Economics Vol.1 Finance and Development ( a quarterly magazine of IMF), Finance and Developing Journal, June 2002 Vol 39 No.2 NBAA (1997), The Journal of the National Board of Accountant and Auditors Tanzania Vol 9 Andreoni J, Erard B and Feinstein, J (1998) Tax compliance Journal of economic literature pp Cowell, F and Gordion, J. (1988) Unwillingness to pay Tax evasion and public goods provision: Journal of public economics (pp 305-321). R. Mponguliana (2005) the theory and practice of taxation in Tanzania, 2nd edition NBBA. Kothari C.R. (2006), Research methodology methods and Techniques, 2nd revised edition new age international (P) Ltd. Frankfort, and Nachmias N.D. (2003) Research methods in the social science (8th Ed) Arnold London. Geofrey Morse & David Williams (2000) Davies: Principle of tax law.4th edition Krishna Swami O.R Kath Nightingale (2000), Taxation “Theory and Practice” 2nd Edition Pitman Publishing. TRA Second Corporate plan 2003/2004-2007/2008 TRA 10th Anniversary & Taxpayers Day, 1996-2006

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