Terrorism: Affecting the Civilised
Alejandra De Mingo
FS199
Profesor Martínez-Tápia
Dec. 10, 2012.
Terrorism: Affecting the Civilized With this project, I aim to discover the EU’s status in counter terrorism preventions and citizens view of how terrorism has been dealt with in the past. By exploring the different patterns and types of terrorism in the EU, the project will provide with an idea of what policy makers have to deal with. According to article 1 of the EU Council’s Framework Decision on combating terrorism of 2002, “Terrorism offences are international acts, which given their nature or context, may seriously damage a country or an international organisation when committed with the aim of: * seriously intimidating a population; or * unduly compelling a government or international organisation to perform or abstain from performing an act; or * Seriously destabilising or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or international organisation” (TE-SAT, 8-9). Terrorists groups were already present in EU member states in the first two decades of the twentieth century, like the IRA (Irish Republican Army), which is still present under the name CIRA (Continuity Irish Republican Party), and the Spanish separatist organization ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna), was funded in the late fifties and early sixties. None the less, the strengthening of Counter terrorism policies did not occur until the 9/11 attacks in the Unites States happened. The attacks were done by the militant Islamist organization Al-Qaeda, lead by Osama bin Laden, the same terrorist group which killed 190 people in the 11M terrorist attacks in Madrid in 2004 and 52 people in the 7/7 attacks in London in 2005. Terrorist organizations manage to survive despite counter-terrorist efforts because of the freedoms that new technologies provide. Mobile phones and the internet enable such organizations to contact possible financial and material
FS199
Profesor Martínez-Tápia
Dec. 10, 2012.
Terrorism: Affecting the Civilized With this project, I aim to discover the EU’s status in counter terrorism preventions and citizens view of how terrorism has been dealt with in the past. By exploring the different patterns and types of terrorism in the EU, the project will provide with an idea of what policy makers have to deal with. According to article 1 of the EU Council’s Framework Decision on combating terrorism of 2002, “Terrorism offences are international acts, which given their nature or context, may seriously damage a country or an international organisation when committed with the aim of: * seriously intimidating a population; or * unduly compelling a government or international organisation to perform or abstain from performing an act; or * Seriously destabilising or destroying the fundamental political, constitutional, economic or social structures of a country or international organisation” (TE-SAT, 8-9). Terrorists groups were already present in EU member states in the first two decades of the twentieth century, like the IRA (Irish Republican Army), which is still present under the name CIRA (Continuity Irish Republican Party), and the Spanish separatist organization ETA (Euskadi ta Askatasuna), was funded in the late fifties and early sixties. None the less, the strengthening of Counter terrorism policies did not occur until the 9/11 attacks in the Unites States happened. The attacks were done by the militant Islamist organization Al-Qaeda, lead by Osama bin Laden, the same terrorist group which killed 190 people in the 11M terrorist attacks in Madrid in 2004 and 52 people in the 7/7 attacks in London in 2005. Terrorist organizations manage to survive despite counter-terrorist efforts because of the freedoms that new technologies provide. Mobile phones and the internet enable such organizations to contact possible financial and material