Thank You for Arguing Outline

Devin Palmer
Summer Reading Project
Thank You For Arguing
Introduction
* Point 1 * Point 2 * Point 3 * Point 4 * Point 5
Offense
* Control the tense * Blame is past * “The rhetoric of the past deals with issues of justice.” – page 29 * “Rhetoric threatens punishment” – page 30 * Values is present * “The rhetoric of the present handles praise and condemnation, separating the good from the bad.” – page 29 * “The present tense rhetoric tends to finish with people bonding or separating” – page 30 * Choice is future * “Argument promises a payoff. You can see why Aristotle dedicated the rhetoric of decision making to the future.” – page 30 * To confuse an opponent, or to change the direction of an argument, change the tense. Use the past to pin blame, the present to argue morals, and the future to suggest ways to peace and to make decisions.

* Get them to like you * Meet their expectations * “Decorum: to show proper decorum, act the way your audience expects you to act, not necessarily like your audience.” – page 46 * * Make them listen * Share their values * “Virtue- the audience believes you share their values” * Shared values * “Practical Wisdom, or Street Smarts – you appear to know the right thing to do in every occasion” * “Selflessness, or Disinterest – the audience’s interest seems to be your sole concern” * You want the audience to like and trust you, so that they will agree, you want them to be receptive and retentive (all a part of ethos) * Get a witness to BRAG about you or for you, it will add credibility for you and your cause * Control the mood * Pathos * “Emotions come from experience and expectations” – page 80 * ‘When you argue emotionally, speak simply.” – page 83 * “Besides storytelling, pathos depends on self-control” – page 82 * All of these, Anger, Patriotism, and Emulation work better in a group setting * Anger * “A person who desires something is especially susceptible to anger” – page 86 * “The easiest way to stimulate anger, Aristotle went on, is to belittle that desire.” – page 86 * Patriotism * “Patriotism does a better job of looking into the future” – page 87 * Do not confuse with idolism, for that is not an emotion * What is best for MY country, now and later * “Patriotism is often triggered by something negative” – page 88 * Emulation * “… an emotional response to a role model…” – page 88 * Emulate – imitation * You don’t want to overplay your emotions * Control the argument * Logos * “… it’s time for you to use your audience to your own advantage. It’s time to apply some logos and win our own goals.” – page 121 * “For any of us, the most frustrating thing about an argument is the feeling that we don’t know enough about an issue. That happens to be when logos shines, because it allows us to skip the facts when we have to, focusing instead on rational strategy, definition, and subtle tactics of manipulation.” - page 122 * “The tools of logos let you apply facts (if you have them), values, and attitudes to a particular problem.” – page 123
Defense
* Spot Fallacies * “All logical fallacies come down to … bad logic.” – page 137 (This is a fallacy – generalization) * Bad Proofs * False comparison/generalization * Bad example * Ignorance as proof * Wrong Number of Choices * False choice – just two choices, when more are available * Disconnect between proof and conclusion * Tautology- proof and conclusion are the same/ circular reasoning * Red herring – sneaky distraction * Wrong ending – the proof fails to lead to a conclusion * Call A Foul * * Know Whom to Trust * Find the Sweet Spot
Advanced Offense
Advanced Agreement