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The Beam Splitter

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The Beam Splitter
Paper: the beamsplitter
Licht kan gepolariseerd worden op verschillende manieren en tot verschillende vormen van polarisatie. In het geval van de beamsplitter is dubbele breking de wijze waarop het licht is gepolariseerd. Dubbele breking betekent dat ongepolariseerd licht wordt opgesplitst in twee lichtstralen die elk een verschillend pad volgen met een verschillende snelheid. Die twee stralen zijn lineair gepolariseerd met een polarisatierichting, loodrecht ten opzichte van elkaar. Dubbele breking treedt op bij anisotrope stoffen. De voortplantingssnelheid van het licht is . in dergelijke stoffen richtingsafhankelijk waardoor een lichtstraal wordt opgesplitst in twee lichtstralen met verschillende snelheden (bij het polarisatieprisma). De oorzaken van dit snelheidsverschil, kunnen gelegen zijn in de kristalvorm of in druk of rek die op het materiaal uitgeoefend wordt. De straal, die in overeenstemming met de wet van Snellius gebroken wordt, noemt men de gewone straal en de andere de buitengewone straal. (Ter verduidelijking zie figuur). ‘’’de figuur zie je een calciet plaat die zo gesneden is dat de optische as in het vlak van de tekening ligt. In figuur (a) zie je een straal die lineair gepolariseerd is met de richting van de normaal op de pagina. Het elektrische veld is overal loodrecht op de optische as. Hierdoor volgt dat de straal gewoon in de zelfde richting blijft gaan. Dit is de gewone straal. In figuur (b) heeft het elektrische veld naast loodrechte componenten ook parallelle componenten tov van de optische as. Hierdoor verandert de straal, die de buitengewone straal wordt genoemd, van richting.’’’
Een beamsplitter is een optisch instrument dat een ongepolariseerde lichtstraal in twee lineair gepolariseerde golven splitst. De polarisatierichtingen van deze twee golven staan loodrecht op elkaar. Een beamsplitter bestaat uit een optisch anisotrope stof. Een anisotrope stof is een stof waarvan de eigenschappen in verschillende richtingen niet dezelfde

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