There are four significant elements of financial management, “There are four basic financial statements. You can think of them as a set. They include the balance sheet, the statement of revenue and expense, the statement of fund balance or net worth, and the statement of cash flows.” (Baker & Baker, Chapter 4, 2011). Financial manager need to have a balance sheet to review or perform an audit so they can see the debt to income ratio for the organization they are financially responsible for. The statement of revenue and expense provide a clear financial outlook of the organizations financial situation during certain time periods. The significance of the statement of fund balance or net worth is to identify cash and property assets of the organization within a year or other period of time. Last but not least the statement of cash flow is proof of all of the profit by the organization during a certain period of time.…
Over the last 20 years, many corporations of the United States have moved their factories overseas as a way of reducing taxes, avoiding strict government regulations, and reducing overall costs. Nike Inc. is no different. They have hundreds of factories in various countries like South Korea, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Pakistan and China. US based companies view this as an opportunity fulfil the consumers’ needs while maintaining much lower costs of production. The poor decisions of these corporations have been highlighted by the media with Nike getting a major portion of the scrutiny and highly criticized based on its organizational culture. Issues that have…
All medical facilities are responsible for given the best treatment as possible to their patients. This may include having the ability to react the correct way in a determinate situation, always thinking in the patient and the organization’s benefit. In medical field there many precautions that must be taken in order to prevent a real problem, such as malpractice and law suit cases. For this reason is good to apply “think before act” because it all starts having a good base of ethical decision.…
Tuskegee, Alabama is important in the history of American bioethics because it catalyzed the formation of written, mandatory ethical principles. To explain, prior to this event, there was a general consensus amongst researchers that Americans will not overstep the bounds of research, not like the Nazis did. However, the Tuskegee Syphilis studies made it apparent that unless there are core ethical principles to follow, America might head in the same direction as Nazi Germany. The researchers in the Syphilis studies did not receive informed consent from the participants, and withheld treatment that was available. As this event received publicity, the US government knew it had to respond. Thus came the birth of bioethics, and the core ethical principles (Belmont Report) researchers must follow: Autonomy, Justice, Beneficence. Along with the principles, the IRB, a committee that approves and monitors research, was also established. This is why Tuskegee, Alabama is important.…
When conducting any kind of research study involving humans, basic rights play an important role throughout the course of the study. The first semester of classes for almost all medical professionals stresses the patient’s rights. According to Polit and Beck (2012), the Belmont Report focused mainly on the ethical standards of research which included “beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice.” Beneficence basically means to do is good for the patient and is a way to protect the patient’s from harm. These essential standards of conduct for research were completely ignored or violated during the Tuskegee study. The patients involved in the study were not treated with respect. It was almost as if they were seen as subhuman by the researchers. When medication was available to treat, and actually cure, the condition it was withheld from these patients without reason or rationale. These patients were not thoroughly informed of the reason for the study nor were they educated on the effects of the disease would have on…
One of todays biggest ethical dilemmas can be found in the Medical field. We all turn our heads away and cringe when we hear the term "human test subjects", as the past has been dark and far from any morality in this domain; yet we do not cease to use the findings of the sadistic experiments. Researchers now use mice and other animals which can show the effects a(n) medication/evolution/disease may have on humans. But I find testing on clueless animals immoral.…
. Ethics. Noël Merino, Ed. Current Controversies Series. Greenhaven Press, . . . . 2010.…
The Tuskegee experiment was yet another demonstration of racial inequalities and dehumanization illustrated by a people who believed in racial superiority. The experiment was unethical and demoralizing from the beginning. The analysis was corrupt and unethical for a plethora of reasons. The experiment disregarded several basic principles of the American Sociological Association’s code of ethics. Perhaps the greatest flaw in the experiment was the intended denial of treatment, which, in turn, directly affected the subject’s safety, violating the code of ‘protecting subjects from personal harm’. ‘Respect the subject’s right to privacy and dignity’ is an additional custom in the code of ethics ignored. The researchers clearly could not even…
The Willowbrook State School for children with mental retardation became notorious for and a prime example of a conflict between research and ethics when the details of a research project and the treatment of the residents. Willowbrook initially opened as a new hospital serving WWII veterans however this changed when in 1951, “the hospital was established as the Willowbrook State School for people suffering from mental disabilities” (Starogannis & Hill, 2008, p. 87). Willowbrook continued to serve as a fronted rehabilitation facility for the mentally developmentally delayed from 1956 -1971. Residents of the facility were subjected to more than rehabilitation as purported in the name of the facility. Mistreatment, terror, and even traumatic events have occurred within the walls of this school and documentation of many of the acts exists. The hepatitis study involved the residents of Willowbrook and the topic of the conflict between research and ethics.…
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was a fundamentally unethical research project that began in 1932 and lasted 40 years ("U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee"). In the study, about 600 black men were told that they were being treated for “bad blood,” a colloquial term for syphilis (“U.S. Public Health”). In reality, the men were not being given any treatment and were merely acting as test subjects so that researchers from the U.S. Public Health Service could study the disease (“The Deadly Deception”). The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment clearly violated the ethical principles put forth in 1979 by the Belmont Report. The Belmont Report has three key components to protect the rights of human research participants: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.…
One of the most difficult trials I face in my life are ethical and moral dilemmas. An ethical dilemma is more consistent with my everyday life than a moral dilemma. Ethical dilemma is defined as situations in which there is a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion. Every day I am faced with decisions of right and wrong most of which are easily and correctly dealt with. Sometimes decisions need to be made that are not easy or clear, however they require thought and often prayer.…
The Belmont Report includes 3 basic ethical principles, respect of persons, beneficence, and justice. Respect for persons means that individuals are regarded as self-governing and persons who, due to physical or mental impairment are unable to exercise autonomy are protected.…
The executives having no more questions release Muir so that he can go home. Muir secretly goes into the Director of the CIA office and forges a document as the CIA director himself to commence a operation mission to save Bishop and Hadley. Muri spends $282,000 of his life savings for this task and bribes a Chinese power official to cut the power at the prison for thirty minutes so the Seal team can go in and rescue the two of them. A few moments later the executives receive a phone call about the mission's success and just before they can run out the room stop Muir he seen driving away into the countryside.…
The potential consequences of not following the ethical principles to Humphrey’s is people will eventually lose trust to any social researcher after this. If the police receive the data collected and Humphrey’s findings, he endangered his respondent’s live and family. He exposed the subjects to a heightened risk of arrest or harassment. His work also has unfortunate impacts on Washington University’s sociology program which led to the demise of sociology courses in the university and led to the departure of several senior faculty…
A major threat to ethics, according to Simon Blackburn, a philosophy professor at the University of Cambridge, is the threat of relativism. Blackburn describes in his novel, Ethics: A Very Short Introduction, the dangers of relying on the fact that truth and moral values are relative to certain individuals and cultures rather than universal. Some of these dangers, which I will describe further in this essay, include the lack of universal truth and the belief that one’s values cannot affect relations with another. Dangers, such as these, cause relativism to threaten people’s standards of behavior by making ethics seem impossible, thus becoming a threat to ethics.…