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The Body Shop: Greenwash or Not

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The Body Shop: Greenwash or Not
THE BODY SHOP:
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
OR
SUSTAINED GREENWASHING?

Suatu bisnis awalnya hanya bersaing secara kompetitif dengan strategi yang unik, yaitu product leadership, operational excellence, dan customer intimacy (Treacy dan Wiersema dalam Niven, 2006). Namun, tampaknya hal tersebut menjadi monoton dan perlu terobosan baru dalam berbisnis. Salah satu terobosan dalam bisnis yang mampu memperketat persaingan tersebut adalah social responsibility. Social responsibility dikemukakan oleh Friedman pada tahun 1970. Beliau mengatakan bahwa social responsibility pada bisnis adalah memaksimalkan profit karena dengan melakukan hal tersebut dapat mempengaruhi dan membantu negara dan masyarakat dalam pencapaian kesejahteraan bersama. Namun, dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Carroll (1979), tanggung jawab bisnis tidak hanya dari sisi ekonomi, tetapi juga hukum, etika, dan kebijaksanaan dalam memilih aktivitas yang diinginkan oleh masyarakat. Salah satu perusahaan yang melakukan praktik tersebut adalah The Body Shop (TBS). TBS didirikan oleh Anita dan Gordon Roddick pada tahun 1976 di Brighton, Inggris. Perusahaan ini menjual produk-produk kecantikan alami secara retail dan juga menyuarakan isu-isu sosial (social issues) secara vokal. Slogan yang berisi hal-hal yang diperjuangkan oleh TBS adalah “Against Animal Testing, Support Community Trade, Improve Self-Esteem, Defend Human Rights, Protect the Planet”. Banyak pelanggan jatuh hati dan menjadi loyal karena filosofi TBS yang tanggung jawab dalam berbisnis karena profit yang ada disalurkan untuk kegiatan-kegiatan sosial, sehingga pelanggan merasa ikut berpartisipasi mengubah dunia dengan membeli produknya. Banyak organisasi sosial melakukan kerja sama dengan TBS untuk melakukan kampanye, misalnya Greenpeace, Amnesty International, Friends of Earth (FOE), dan sebagainya. Namun, hal tersebut berbalik ketika TBS setuju untuk diakuisisi oleh L’Oreal pada 17 Maret 2006 dengan nilai £652 juta (1,14 triliun dollar).

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