The reasons for the Greek victory against the Persians in 490 to 480/479 BC was a mixture of exceptional leadership, skilful tactics and strategy, superior weapons and soldiers, and Greek unity. Strong leadership was the most important aspect of the Greek defence, as without the intelligence and bravery of the leaders, the Greeks would have been easily defeated. As a result of the excellent leadership; Greek tactics, strategy, and unity were greatly strengthened. Combined with their better weapons and soldiers, the Greeks held the advantage and seized opportunities at the perfect moment. Also, with each victory the Greeks grew more confident of success and defiant of the Persian attempts to invade. The poor organisation and disarray of their enemy led to an undermining of the Persian might and further improved Greece's chances of success.…
Pericles states that "Our constitution does not seek to copy the laws of our neighbors; we are an example to others, not imitators of them". During his time there was usually one ruler that had the power over life and death, the mass of people did not matter. In Athens this was far from the case. Athens created its own government, one that was for the people, and benefited the people. Pericles said with conviction, "As far as public life is concerned, we live as free men". The people of Athens had a government that supported them; they were all equal in the eyes of the government. The city of Athens stood by itself; it needed no others to help it. She left her gates open to all and did not concern herself with excluding foreigners. Her military stood alone. Athens never advanced into another territory with Allies; she did it alone. He also marvels in the fact that Athens does not live for the fear of war. He states that they live free, but are always ready if in danger. He even goes so far to say that his enemies are happy with a victory over a small part of the army. Pericles praises Athens for her form of government - democracy - because it is…
The strengths of Sparta are that they had an advanced military, they respected and trained the women, and they trained the soldiers when the soldiers when they were young. The phalanx was a very large rectangular mass which was composed with with heavy armory,spears, and all other weapons whilst pushing forward. Although they lacked formal education, they took down all of the strongest city states…
Sparta is known for its military dominance. What gave it this reputation was defeating its rival city state Athens in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta had very brutal training of their warriors, in fact, most the culture was based around its military and the training of its warriors. They started this process at birth, where they picked the healthiest and strongest babies they could find. If the officers did not think the baby was healthy or strong enough to endure the training of a Spartan warrior they would leave it for death…
The Athenians and Spartans were rulers in their own right and developed different political systems. Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece, the birthplace of democracy. Athenians were patrons that support, protects, and believed in living and dying as a champion. Their foundation was primarily focused on economic growth. Spartans believed in being resilient and self-disciplined. Sparta was extremely powerful after defeating rival city-state Athens in the Peloponnesian War. Sparta was dedicated to the military and to the state. Spartans believed in education and military training.…
If there was one thing Sparta wanted out of the Peloponnesian War, it was to bring down Athens. Given Athens' rising strength and its ability to acquire an ever-larger navy of vessels from contributions paid by its dependents and allies, Sparta appeared to be concerned (Cartwright, 2018). As a matter of fact, Athens was becoming stronger and winning more and more wars thanks to its allies. Furthermore, Sparta believed that if nothing was done, Corinth, another major Greek state, was going to be forced to go along with Athens (Cartwright, 2018). When discussing ancient Greece, we frequently concentrate on Athens and Sparta, two of the principal towns.…
Can you imagine four-thousand spartans charging down a hill while three-thousand Athenians ready their bows and release them all simultaneously while the string whips in the hard rain? The Peloponnesian War was one of the most fierce wars in Greece because many people fell in battle. From the South were the Spartans. Their forces had never been stronger with a reformed, military-based government. From the North was the Athenians who had just been through a war that had been won, and were still armed and battle ready, holding fortresses across Greece. The interactions that these two city states made against, with, and without them were so intense that even the fierce kings, Leonidas of Sparta and King Pericles Cleon Nicias of Athens, fell to each other's armies.…
The strive to become the great, powerful ancient Greek empire we came to know reflected in the choice of their heroes. Take Odysseus for example, he fought hard during the war of Troy, ultimately coming up with the master plan to win the war. But that wasn’t it, Odysseus faced even greater dangers and…
Imagine being taken away from your family and your home when you were just seven years old. The Spartans may have built one of the finest militaries of the ancient world, but their culture was so harsh that the word “Spartan” has become synonymous with an austere way of life. Spartan society was carefully constructed around a strict moral code and sense of duty, and its people underwent extreme hardships and deprivation on their way to becoming accepted as full citizens. It is with this cruel way of life that lead to the greatest, hardest, and most disciplined warrior 's who ever existed in the ancient world.…
Ancient Greece has impacted many modern day militaries because of several important innovations. Greeks were the first to use strategy in warfare. One such procedure was the utilization of the phalanx development. For instance, the American fighters utilized the phalanx as a part of the Civil War, in light of the fact that their firearms weren't automatic. When one line shoots they go down to reload and afterward the other line does likewise. Likewise, A cutting edge phalanx would the Fire and Movement, or pepper preparing. Flame and development is when troops line up in three waves and alternate terminating at the adversary. Ancient Greeks made organization much less demanding, on the grounds and with that they made ranks. Having ranks is very important because it gives the military a line or chain of command. Standardization is another very important idea that the ancient Greeks invented. By utilizing training, it made fighting innovations less expensive and fighting more secure. For instance, when the ancient Greeks began utilizing naval warfare, they particularly said that every one of the paddles must be 5 meters in length. They did this in light of the fact that if a paddle were to break they could ask a kindred Greek boat to loan additional paddles and the boats would all go generally the same…
Sparta then prepared for war against Athens. As war broke out Athens began to fall and lose the war. Mainly because they were better fighters on water and not on land. Unlike the Spartans who were the best at fighting on the land.…
Athens had certain compulsions and priorities that affected them. Athens placed great value on fear, honor, and profit. Emotions can be used as an offensive or defensive weapon. These emotions can be used to heighten the importance of your priorities and can affect the way they go about collecting information. The information then gathered will directly impact the way we form our beliefs and the need to act. Thucydides believes that fear by the Spartans played an important part in causing the war. Sparta felt threaten by the change in the power balance from Athens due to their imperialistic expansion. Fear can change over to terror, which is a more personal form and can change the way people and states think. Effective leaders can combat the fear and terror found in war and conflict. There are five major ways they can do this. (Petersen 321) The leader can use rational discourse. They will focus on the threat but are not influenced by the emotions and to focus on concrete actions. The leader can use hope as a way to help combat the fear and terror. This is the opposite and is based on a positive future and outcomes. Hope and fear cannot exist, but hope is a distortion in a positive manner. The leader can use the threat of shame by taking a single action attached to the person’s identity. This is different from guilting the person due to it being more personal and guilt can be forgiven. The use of anger can also be used. They would need to believe that a bad action has been committed against them and the focusing on the need for punishment. A final way to counter the use of fear and terror is by the use of spite. This is different than anger because of the belief that the enemy is going to receive some good that they do not deserve. They will then fight to prevent and to stop the enemy from their undeserved good. In ancient Greece and seen in Thucydides writing fear…
To begin there is Pericles’ Funeral Oration written by Thucydides, which documents a speech that Pericles used to address a crowd in Athens, comparing Athens to most notably, Sparta. It is evident that Athenians were certain that Athens was the greatest, “When you realize her greatness,…
In Ancient Greece, the two most essential cities were Sparta and Athens. The two cities had a diversity of cultures, lifestyle, and values, even though they lived in the same region. Sparta was established around 900 BCE. It is located in the Eurotoas valley of Laconia, southeast of Peloponnese (Sparta, Ancient History Encyclopedia). Ancient Sparta has a population of about 100,000 citizens. Spartans dedicate approximately all their time to military training, hunting, war tactics, and even war policies. These activities are what makes Sparta admire war and what makes other cities fear them. Athens has been around for about 3,000 years. Athens is the capital of Greece and it is also the largest city. It is also the intellectual center of Greece. Athens originated from as early as 5000 BCE. Athens began as a small, Mycenaean community and grew to become a city (Athens, Ancient History Encyclopedia). The Athenian King, who ruled the land, sought to name the city after a Greek God because he wanted the name to be divine. Athena was selected, hence, the name Athens. Athens was a city that exemplifies ancient Greece. Society, politics, and economy are what make cities diverse, but they can have a…
P.51), by the year of 457 had encircled the city center with a massive stone wall and fortified a broad corridor with a wall on both sides leading all the way to the main harbor at Piraeus (1.107.1. P.57-58). “… Athens was now fortified sufficiently to protect its inhabitants …” (1.91.4. P. 50). Athenian fleet, built against “the prospect of the barbarian invasion” (1.14.3. P.12), and the city fortifications – made it unconquerable to direct attack. This concept laid the basis for the Athenian strategy – defense at land and offense at sea. In the light of the preparation to the war the Athenian general Pericles “gave the citizens some advice on their present affairs… They were not to go out to battle, but to come into the city and guard it, and get ready their fleet, in which their real strength lay.” (2.13.2. P.98). Protected from the land attacks by long walls down to Piraeus, Athens would behave like an island. It would avoid any direct land confrontations with Spartans at any price while its fast and mobile navy would attack Spartans at sea. To protect the population of Attica, Pericles commanded to move more than one hundred thousand people from Attica to Athens and bring them inside the city walls. As long as Athenian navy would stay supreme, Athenians could survive any siege, by resupplying from the allies of the empire. The technology of military siege machines in this period was not developed enough to break such walls easily. Consequently, regardless of what harm was done to the agricultural lands of Attica during the war, the Athenians could rely on sea power and import food by ship through their fortified port. They had huge financial resources collected from their silver mines and from the dues of the Delian League (1.99. P.53). The…