The Bystander Effect In John Steinbeck's The Kite Runner

In the book The Kite Runner we have a main charcter name amir he grew up with no mom and his best firend too his name is hassan. In the middle of the book there a scenes were hassan is raped by chartcter name aslf, aslf is not alone he had two goons with him they coner hassan and told him to give up the blue kite which he ran and caught for amir this was happening while amir was wacthing they beat hassan and then aslf rapes him amir could have step in and help but he too scared he could have goten help but who would help a hazzara he ran away praying someone else would help this is and example of two things the bystander effect and the helper effect. If amir step in and ask for help he would have cuased the helper effect but he ran away hoping