the color purple

In the second half of the nineteenth century, there were many factors that changed the American city. During this time, people all around America were transforming their lives to fit the new commercial America, and one of the ways that they did this was moving to concentrated, urban cities. During the late nineteenth century there was major population growth due to mass immigration, which created a new group of workers. As urbanization and industrialization developed simultaneously, cities were provided with supply of labor for factories and improved transportation. A few factors that influenced the second half of the nineteenth century includes: industrialization, which led to many mass productions of manufactured goods, labor force and buildings, significant transportation improvements and lastly its affect on population growth as more immigrants withheld new opportunities and advances. Industrialization led to the mass production of manufactured goods and the need for larger markets, which resulted in the centralization of factories in areas that could provide a larger labor force. Cities in the late nineteenth century went through significant changes in their size and also in their architectural designs. These structures included skyscrapers and newly invented designs. Skyscrapers had replaced church spires as the dominant feature of American urban skylines and the buildings mostly had electric lights for commercial purposes. Skyscrapers since 1960s utilize the tubular designs, innovated by Bangladeshi-American structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan also, previously built by the wealthy for defense and status. The increase in urban commerce in the United States in the second half of the 19th century augmented the need for city business space, and the installation of the first safe passenger in 1857 made practical the erection of buildings more than four or five stories tall. This affected the nineteenth century in that sense that buildings