Page 1
Congress Reaction On the Establishment Of Pakistan:
The Hindus and British had not surrender before the exemplary struggle of the muslims of the sub-continent . Congress and Hinsdus of india did not acceptedthe partition and emergence of Pakistan from the their hearts they always waitingfor opportunity to create problems for newly born state of Pakistan. Theyaccepted this partition in the hope that they will overtake it soon and re-establshtheir rule all over the sub-continent .According to Brecher: Most of the congress leaders and Nehru amongthem, subscribed to the view that Pakistan was not a viable state_politicallyeconomically, geographically or militarily_and that sooner or later the areaswhich had ceded would be compelled by force of circumstances to return to thefold.
(1)
with these thinking congress leaders accepted Pakistan as for themPakistan was a transient phase. But Quaid-e-Azam declared that,Pakistan hadcome to exist for ever and it will by the Grace of God exist for ever.
(2)
The Congress leaders did their utmost to damage pakistan. They adoptedmeasures with the connivance f the british and particularly by the help of mountainbatten create problems for Pakistan because they want that Pakistanshould not survive as an independent and soverient state. The Indian governmentadopted every possible means to strangle pakistans economy. Due to theseconsipiracies and mischieves by the congress leaders Pakistan had to face greatdifficulties.(Pakistan studies by prof. m ikram rabbani, third edition ,pg#202)
Choice Of Capital and Establish Of Government:
The first problem that Pakistan had to face was to choose a capital to form aGovernment and to establish a secretariat,Karachi was chosen as the capital of Pakistan.Quaid-e-Azam took the office of the Governor General ,Liaqat Ali Khanwas appointed as Prime Minister and a Cabinet of experienced persons wasselected.Arrangements were to be made to bring the officials who had opted for Pakistan from Delhi to Karachi.
You May Also Find These Documents Helpful
-
How is the human body able to digest the food that you eat? How quickly your body digests your food? This is because the human body contains enzymes that are the biological substance, a.k.a proteins, that act as catalysts and help complex reactions occur. There are many different enzymes that each have different specific functions. The enzymes include: diastase, pepsin, lipase, catalyse and urease. Lipase is an enzyme found in the digestive tract that catalyses the break down of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. This enzyme will be used in this EEI. The purpose of this EEI is to test the rate in which lipase reacts to different variables such as temperature and pH. Enzymes are found in foods, epically raw foods such as meat, but cooking foods destroys any enzyme activity, including lipases. If the temperature changes then the pH levels will change. The optimum temperature is 37°, that is the average temperature inside the human body; the optimum pH level is 8.0. (Corporation, 2013) The purpose of this EEI and experiment is to calculate the rate in which the pH level of milk changes after it has been heated and the heated lipase is added. Four different temperature will be tested to create the most accrete results possible. When lipase is heated, it becomes a fatty acid that destroys itself, so when the lipase is heated and then added to the heated milk, it rate in which the pH level changes should be high and fast. If the lipase and milk is heated above its optimum temperature (42°) then combined, the pH level will change much quicker and the change in pH levels will be much more clear.…
- 1180 Words
- 5 Pages
Powerful Essays -
In a Lesson Before Dying the women played a significant role to the men. A Lesson Before Dying took place in Louisiana during 1948. A man named Jefferson was accused of killing a white person, and Jefferson was sentenced to death by the electric chair. There were scenes between Grant and Tante Lou, Grant and Vivian, and Jefferson and Miss Emma.…
- 968 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
The partition of India in August 1947 was a highly controversial event and has led to widespread speculation regarding its causes and consequences. Orthodox historians credit the creation of Pakistan to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the All India Muslim League, and his determination to create a sovereign state for Indian Muslims. However, this view has been contested by a number of historians, who place responsibility for the partition on the political manoeuvring of the Congress and the constitutional reforms of the British Raj. Existing communal tensions and Hindu-Muslim differences have also been blamed for the split. Revisionist historians question whether Jinnah even wanted partition and have suggested that the 'Pakistan' demand was simply a bargaining counter to gain recognition for Muslims. I am going to analyse each interpretation of the event and question the true causes for partition.…
- 2129 Words
- 6 Pages
Better Essays -
Adopt or develop a methodology for TA and design a plan to conduct a TA of the selected technology…
- 751 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
One inevitable impact the division had on the people was perhaps one of the greatest refugee crises and migration in history. Over 10 million people moved between India and Pakistan. For the most part, the Hindus generally moved into the Indian subcontinent while the Muslims, who feared Hindu domination, migrated to East and West Pakistan. In Document 8 it shows that there were around 8.6 million Muslim refugees that migrated out of India into either East or West Pakistan. In addition to this extraordinary refugee crises, another effect the division of India had was border tensions. The tensions between the borders of India and Pakistan resulted in India being at the “receiving end of Pakistan’s heavy shelling” and “heavy bombing” (Document 9b). This shows that not only was there a large scale migration crises, there was also several attacks and possibly deaths and casualties from bombs. Also, in document 9a it that states that another effect of the division was that there were “two armed conflicts (in 1965 and 1999) and numerous clashes between Indian and Pakistani forces”. This highlights the various facets of the tensions and problems the division of India had on the Hindus and Muslims. It is inevitable that the division of the region greatly affected the people who lived there by causing the largest migration in human history, armed conflicts, and…
- 1007 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
After independence from the British in 1947, President Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s vision for Pakistan was very clear: he wanted peace, good governance, tolerance and a state able to adhere to a rule of law. Unfortunately, this vision was never transformed into reality; the nation created as a home for the British India’s Muslims six decades ago today represent one of the world most troubling states in crisis (Crisis Guide: Pakistan).Why can’t Pakistan flourish? What makes Pakistan such a weak state?…
- 429 Words
- 2 Pages
Good Essays -
Introduction. – From very its start, Pakistan has choiced democratic form of government for itself. Its founders had ardently supported and emphasized for democratic system that could ideally permeate the governance structure and body politic of Pakistan; Quaid Azam Muhammd Ali Jinnah’s speech at the Staff College on June 14, 1948 is the witness of his staunch support for democracy as corresponding structure for the polity of Pakistan to make it people friendly and welfare state. However, it is an other fact that Quaid Azam Muhammd Ali Jinnah himself laid the foundation of non-democratic trends through centralizing structure of Muslim Leauge, dissolving non democratically Sindh Assembly and Ministry of Khan Sahab in NWFP in 1948 . Despite all this, what he choiced and dreamt for Pakistan about system is undoubtedly democracy. But unfortunately being constitutionally a democratic country, Pakistan entirely fails to offer what constitutional democracies offer viz, sovereign parliament, free, fair and regular elections, supremacy of constitution, independent Judiciary, rule of law,…
- 763 Words
- 4 Pages
Good Essays -
August, 14, 1947 and August, 15, 1947 the Indian partition of 1947 was created and it granted Indian its freedom from its 350 year of British ruling. After India’s freedom was granted it was divided into two states which were Dominion of Pakistan later known as Islamic republic of Pakistan and Union of India later known as Republic of India. Right after the partition of 1947, it declared that it was leader or King of the state to decide if the state should follow the Muslim or a Hindu religion. This Policy separated the people of India and Pakistan, and caused a lot of hatred between both sides. This policy also cause huge problems because some states would have a huge population of Hindus, and the king would be Muslim which made Hindus follow the beliefs and religious acts of the Muslims.…
- 1508 Words
- 7 Pages
Good Essays -
The first fifty-two years of Pakistan’s existence have been unusually eventful, marked by many ups and downs for the country. It is difficult and sometimes impossible to predict what will be the end result of the policy chosen. Yet choices have to be made and decisions taken. Foreign policy is often considered…
- 7278 Words
- 30 Pages
Powerful Essays -
however, she has a pliant president in the form of an old friend. On November…
- 1245 Words
- 5 Pages
Powerful Essays -
The nation celebrated this 'Pakistan Day' in a significant and unconventional manner. It was a noteworthy occasion in history of Pakistan this time for the challenges facing in maintaining good governance are yet to appear in coming days for government in place. The leaders of Pakistan adopt the course and principles which had been conveyed by the founder of Pakistan to make a true enlightened moderated state which ensures basic rights of people, secures the prosperity of Pakistan. Their deeds and actions would determine in future either their policies are in accordance with the sayings of Quaid-e-azam or deviation from his golden principles.…
- 1310 Words
- 6 Pages
Powerful Essays -
In order to examine the nature of Pakistan’s economic and political past, a history can be divided into seven different periods which are chronologically discussed below.…
- 3012 Words
- 13 Pages
Powerful Essays -
Another reason why federalism didn’t work out the way it should have was the ethnic and linguistic differences. Pakistan is too diverse and many a times there was an outbreak of crisis between the provinces and the Centre or the provinces…
- 1033 Words
- 5 Pages
Good Essays -
The state was captured by small band of corrupt political elite, which persistently tried to exclude any competitors. Since the ruling elite mostly consisted of feudal lords, industrialists, generals and mullahs, and their ‘people’ in the civilian and military bureaucracy. This created a sense of exclusion for the rest of Pakistanis. In contrast, the tribal leaders and rural landowners smaller belonging to smaller provinces perceived their respective exclusion in ethnic rather than political terms. This ethnic/national group has little economic power and is under-represented in the political and bureaucratic elite.…
- 467 Words
- 2 Pages
Good Essays -
TWO NATION THEORY Muhammad Asbaq Younis MEANING OF TWO NATION THEORY The Two Nation theory means the cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Subcontinent. …
- 945 Words
- 7 Pages
Powerful Essays