The current situation of wind energy in Turkey

YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY

The Current Situation of Wind Energy in Turkey

By
ERDİNÇ EKŞİ
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
AFE 158
YELİZ KELEŞ
04.05.2014

Table of Contents:
1. Abstract
2. Introduction
3. Findings
3.1. Benefits of wind energy and its effects on environment
3.1.1. Dependence of foreign countries
3.1.2. Ease of installation
3.2. Future role of wind energy in Turkey
3.2.1. Mixed system that contains wind energy with solar energy
3.2.2. Current wind turbine condition monitoring methodologies
3.3. Mechanism of wind turbine
3.3.1. The importance of the generator
3.3.2. Inside a generator
4. Conclusion
5. Bibliography

1. Abstract
This report aims to present a thorough analysis of the benefits of the wind energy and current capacity of wind energy potential in Turkey on today’s wind energy sector. In order to explore the subject, firstly, wind energy gains favor to environment because it generates electricity from kinetic power of the wind. However likewise, it may causes noise contamination. Secondly, wind energy turbines can easily constructed on small areas although some restrictions and limitations. It has been demonstrated that wind energy has future in terms of mixed system that contains wind energy with solar energy and wind turbines can be easily monitored via continuous data stream and technical problems can be prevented by CMS systems. It has been found that Turkey has 2023 aims and by this way it can reduce energy dependence of foreign countries . Finally, There are two main kinds of wind generators, those with a vertical axes and those with a horizontal axis. Vertical axis wind turbines generate wind power systematically as the same method as horizontal axis wind turbines but with a different design.

INTRODUCTION
Throughout late years as indicated by worldwide ecological contaminations and constrained accessibility of neighborhood assets ,patterns towards to renewable vitality, for example, solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and so forth were generally expanded. It is presently distinguished that economical vitality sources are extremely paramount for the fate of the countries. The wind innovation was bit by bit was enhanced since the early 1970s.By the end of the 1990s, wind vitality has re- developed as a standout amongst the most paramount renewable vitality sources. The expense of wind power generation has been slowly diminishing with enhancing technology. In these days, wind vitality has been broadly used to prepare power in numerous nations in America, Asia, and particularly in Europe. In Turkey, consuming of electric vitality is getting expanded exceptionally quick because of the advancement business and augmentation of the population. Although Turkey has an extensive variety of vitality sources, for example, coal, natural gas, petroleum etc., they are limited. So that examination of wind vitality has been completed quickly in Turkey which has high rate potential. While most maintainable vitality ventures and preparations are vast scale, renewable innovations are likewise suited to little of-network applications, sometimes in provincial and remote areas, where vitality is frequently extremely essential in human development. Renewable vitality is a conservative force asset in a lot of people with places, principally in country spots in the nation. Renewable vitality comes from common sources, for example, sun light, wind, wave, water and geothermal high temperature manages itself and does not dirty the environment. These sources offer numerous natural and efficient profits rather than other customary vitality sources. Renewable vitality is inferred from assets and can 't be exhausted and produce fewer pollutants. This makes renewable vitality essentially unique in relation to fossil energizes and has prompted numerous nations included Turkey, to push its utilization through empowering plans.

3.FINDINGS
3.1. Benefits of wind energy
3.1.1. Dependence of foreign countries and environment
Owing to local, continuous, not polluting the environment and direct use, wind that hasn’t fuel- raw consumption as a renewable energy, reduces fossil fuel consumption. One of the most important contribution on environment is that by not forming harmful gases in result of fossil fuel ’s combustion, it does not cause the greenhouse effect and acid rains. Causing global warming and climate change, in order to reduce greenhouse gases, according to signed
Kyoto protocol at Japan in 1997, industrialized countries have to reduce amount of greenhouse gases that are % 5 from 1990 to 2012.Accordingly, to reduce global warming gases spreading on air it is necessary to prefer renewable energy sources. Wind energy, in many parts of the world, locates in renewable energy sources that have enough potential and promising for the future.

According to the graph, Turkey has progress regularly. But in 2009, there was a decrease in electrical energy production. Power processing was acknowledged as 194,812 GWH with a lessening about 2% in 2009 when contrasted with the qualities of 2008, that is, 198,418.While the current energy capacity seemed to favor, Turkey has 2023 intentions for having 20, 000 megawatts (MW) of installed wind energy capacity. “Turkey’s total installed wind energy

capacity increased by 700 MW to 3,000 MW in 2013”, news agency Anadolu reported on
Wednesday, citing Mustafa Serdar Ataseven.

3.1.2. Ease of Installation

There are for two types of wind turbines home turbines and free-standing turbines. Some consumers wish produce to their own electricity. By this way, they can generate their own electricity and cut their energy bills while helping the protect the environment. On the contrary of free-standing turbines, small turbines are available to land in most areas of the country. While constructing the wind turbines on small areas, there are numerous options.
Firstly wind turbines can land on the places on which wind sources are available so that the small wind system can be economical. Secondly, consumers should check their monthly electric usage. In addition, determining local zoning ordinances whether allow wind turbine installations. Finally, consumers can purchase and install their own wind turbines sized to the needs of their household. As for that while wind turbines were installing, endurance and easy maintenance play an important role. For this reason wind turbines are constructed in a planned way to be easily maintained. Since 2011, according to development rights, usually domestic

wind turbines should not require planning permission although there are some restrictions and limitations. If a planning permission is required, before investing money and time to project people should talk to neighbours although any sound.

3.2. Future role of wind energy in Turkey
3.2.1. Mixed system that contains wind energy with solar energy

Scientists from university of Liverpool have done wind turbines with a new set of spinning solar blades. Scientists thought that wind turbine with solar panels may be useful in Morocco,
Italy or Spain. However Dr. King with his team has faced problems:
-Solar panels caused blinding beams across the surrounding area,
-Solar panels would blind aircraft pilots and damage the vicinity,
-Solar panels would cause lethal solar rays that could set buildings on fire if concentrated.
In solution, scientist decided that tinted solar panel that doesn’t reflect sun beams.

3.2.2. Current wind turbine condition monitoring methodologies

Condition monitoring systems are generally used in considering all these reasons. Firstly, in winter months when wind turbine became inoperable, the maintenance costs were very expensive because of logistical costs. Condition monitoring systems can help a plant to maintain during this vital period. As such a system helps to mechanical failure prevented. A plant can use a condition monitoring system(CMS) to avoid the sudden failure of a bearing on the gear shaft. Due to strong wind loads, resultant damages often occur. To avoid these situations most of conditions monitoring systems(CMS) can be used. Vibration monitoring systems generally used for identifying problems quickly. It provides timely intervention to provide maintenance planning and it gains integrated solutions to resolve problems.

Vibration monitoring system with based on continuous data stream provides information about technical system to operational management team thanks to vibration and bodysensors are fitted at critical locations along the drive train of a wind turbine. “With a CMS plant shutdowns required for repair and maintenance can thus be planned and prepared systematically, plants can be kept longer on the grid, and consequential damage prevented,”
Holger Fritsch, CEO of Bachmann Monitoring emphasizes. He adds:” The average difference between planned and unplanned repair times can be up to 30 percent and more – depending on the type of wind turbine.”

3.3. Mechanism of wind turbine
3.3.1. The importance of the generator

Wind turbines are used to generate electricity from the kinetic power of the wind. There are two main kinds of wind generators, those with a vertical axes and those with a horizontal axis.
Vertical axis wind turbines generate wind power as the same method as horizontal axis wind turbines but with a different design.

Is possible to convert to 100% wind power?
Small Island Denmark tried to answer this question and they draw a reply as yes! People tried to power up the island with wind energy via nothing and they succeed. But, the island has a feature that wind without ceasing never stops blowing. The North Sea gains favor on the winds for people and they use wind power as their primary energy source. As a matter of fact they are using only wind power.

3.3.2. Insıde a generator
Most turbines have three aerodynamically designed blades. These blades spin a shaft which connects to a generator that produces electricity. Stronger winds generate more sufficient energy. Wind turbines generate energy at wind speed of 4-25 meters per second, which happens rarely, the turbine is stopped because it can be damaged.

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The wind rotates the blades.
The blades turn a shaft inside the nacelle (the box at the top of the turbine).
The shaft goes into a gearbox which increases the rotation speed.
The generator converts the rotational energy into electrical energy
The transformer converts the electricity from around 700 volts (V) to the proper voltage for distribution, typically 33,000 volts.
6- The national grid transmits the power around the country.

[detailed view of wind turbine]

CONCLUSION
There are two types of wind turbines those of off shore and those on shore on that can generate electricity. They may cause bird deaths or noise, but they can gain favor to people in terms of producing individual energy and not polluting the environment. Wind turbines maintenance’ may be difficult in winter but their maintenance time can be determined by monitoring systems and by this way maintenance costs can be reduced. There are two types of wind turbines that can work x-horizontal and y-horizontal but their work principle are same and they are producing the same amount of energy. In conclusion, if wind turbines are landed on places that the amount of wind is stronger, you get more your amount of electricity.

REFERENCES
(n.d.). Retrieved 05 04, 2014 , from WIND ENERGY FOUNDATION: http://www.windenergyfoundation.org/wind-at-work/wind-consumers/wind-power-yourhome (n.d.). Retrieved 05 04, 2014, from inhabitat.com: http://inhabitat.com/scientists-develop-solarpowered-wind-turbine/solarturbine/
EWEA. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ewea.org/: http://www.ewea.org/wind-energybasics/how-a-wind-turbine-works/
Schwanzer, G. (2013, 04 04). http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/. Retrieved 05 04, 2014, from
The World 's #1 Renewable Energy Network for News, Information & Companies: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/04/getting-more-fromwind-turbines-with-condition-monitoring-systems Which ? (n.d.). Retrieved 05 04, 2014, from http://www.which.co.uk/: http://www.which.co.uk/energy/creating-an-energy-saving-home/guides/installing-a-windturbine/home-wind-turbines/

References: (n.d.). Retrieved 05 04, 2014 , from WIND ENERGY FOUNDATION: http://www.windenergyfoundation.org/wind-at-work/wind-consumers/wind-power-yourhome (n.d.). Retrieved 05 04, 2014, from inhabitat.com: http://inhabitat.com/scientists-develop-solarpowered-wind-turbine/solarturbine/ EWEA. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ewea.org/: http://www.ewea.org/wind-energybasics/how-a-wind-turbine-works/ Schwanzer, G. (2013, 04 04). http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/. Retrieved 05 04, 2014, from The World 's #1 Renewable Energy Network for News, Information & Companies: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/04/getting-more-fromwind-turbines-with-condition-monitoring-systems Which ? (n.d.). Retrieved 05 04, 2014, from http://www.which.co.uk/: http://www.which.co.uk/energy/creating-an-energy-saving-home/guides/installing-a-windturbine/home-wind-turbines/