The Definition Of Empowerment And Self-Efficacy Theory By Albert Bandura)

The term "Empowerment" can be interpreted in different ways for different individuals, and as a result, can create confusion as to what the actual definition is. Frequently, it is defined as means of “giving power” to people, which can be mistaken in a literal way. “Empowerment can be defined as helping people gain greater control over their lives and circumstances.” (Thompson, 2007) It is the process where disadvantaged individuals liaise together with professionals to take control over their own lives as well as their health and wellbeing. (Werner, 1988, p. 1) (Laverack, 2016).

Based on the Ottawa charter, The World health organisation defined Health Promotion as “The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their
The definition of Self-efficacy is having the ability to achieve desired results. Perceived self-efficacy includes beliefs about one's ability or competence to bring about intended results. (Colman, 2014). Self-efficacy occurs when an individual believes in their abilities towards accomplishing something or achieving a goal. Self-efficacy theory states that in general people only attempt things they think they can achieve and avoid things they believe they will fail in; it is understandable. Why would an individual try something that they don’t think they are capable of doing? However, people with a strong sense of efficacy believe they can accomplish even the difficult of tasks. They see these as challenges to be mastered rather than threats to be avoided. (Bandura, 1994), (Hayden,
Under supervision, I administered instant (STAT) injections as well as set up syringe drivers for symptom control. I looked after individuals from different age ranges and different walks of life, some being in their late 40s up until late 90s. However, I encountered most elderly individuals, and as a result, I decided to target my artefact towards the older population. I witnessed and learnt that everyone experiences death and suffering differently, some wish to acknowledge while some don’t want their family members to know. I felt that something more can be done to ensure these people feel supported. Thus, my chosen topic for the artefact is Advance care planning (ACP), also known as Advanced care directive (ACD). According to the World Health Organisation ACDs are “a mechanism by which a competent individual expresses his or her wishes should circumstances arise in which he or she no longer is able to make rational and sound decisions regarding his or her medical treatment.” (Cornally et al., 2015). Evidence suggests, that advance care planning reduces stress, anxiety, and depression in surviving relatives. (Detering et al,