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The Digestive System

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The Digestive System
The digestive system is a group of organs that perform the process by which food, containing nutrients, is eaten and broken down into different components. This breakdown makes it possible for the digested material to pass through the intestinal wall into the blood stream. The digestive process contains many different steps that take place in many different organs.<br><br>The first step of digestion begins at the mouth, where the food enters the mouth. Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands. The saliva contains enzymes such as Ptyalin, which starts sugar digestion. The enzymes also provide lubrication to help in the chewing and swallowing of the food. The food then goes down the esophagus and into the stomach, where the next step of digestion takes place. <br><br>In the stomach, a mixture of hydrochloric acid and Pepsin, which is secreted by the stomach wall, liquefies the food. At the same time, a substance called intrinsic factor binds Vitamin B in food and various gastric enzymes, such as Pepsin (which begins protein digestion), which are secreted by the stomach wall. Secretions of mucus protect the stomach from its digestive enzymes. The food is then mixed in the stomach, turning it into chyme(digested food). The muscular pumping motion called peristalsis churns the chyme around.<br><br>The chyme then passes through the pyloric valve by peristalsis to the first portion of the small intestine, the duodenum. The duodenum is where most of the chemical digestion takes place. Here, bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas and intestinal walls combine with the chyme to begin the final part of digestion.<br><br>Bile liquid is created in the liver, and stored in the gallbladder. Bile aids in the mechanical digestion of fat. The pancreas and gland cells of the small intestine secrete digestive enzymes that chemically break down complex food molecules into simpler ones. These enzymes include trypsin for protein digestion, amylase for carbohydrate


Cited: /b><br><li>Broitman, Selwyn A. "Digestive System." Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1998.<br><li>"Digestive System." A.D.A.M. The Inside Story. Vers. 2.01. Computer Software. <br><li>A.D.A.M. Software Inc., 1996<br><li>Dubois, Andre. "Constipation." World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1999<br><li>Dubois, Andre. "Diarrhea." World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1999<br><li>Dubois, Andre. "Digestive System." World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1999<br><li>Franklin, James L. "Ulcer." World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1999<br><li>Lindsay, Mary. The Visual Dictionary of the Human Body. New York: Dorling <br><li>Kindersley, Inc., 1991.<br><li>Plaut, Andrew G. "Appendicitis." World Book Multimedia Encyclopedia. 1999
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