Preview

The Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Students Achievements in Biology

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
13488 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
The Effects of Socio-Economic Status on Students Achievements in Biology
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Nigeria like any other developing countries has witnessed series of political instability with obvious effect on educational policies at federal, state and local government level. This gradually laid the foundation of fallen standard in education at the primary and secondary level which caused differential academic performance of students. In the quest of finding survival feet, the nation has evolved series of socio-economic and educational measures but these have not improved the socio-economic status of families in the country. It’s within this situation that this study examine the correlates of socio-economic status and students achievement in biology in few selected public and private schools in Ifako-ijaye Local government area of Lagos
A person’s education is closely link to his chances, income, and well being (Battle & Lewis 2002).Therefore it is important to have a clear understanding of what benefits or hinders one educational attainment.

Education is the best legacy a nation can give to her citizens especially the youth. This is because the development of any nation depends largely on the quality of education of such a nation. It is generally believe that the basis of any true development must commence with the development of human resources. Much then is said that formal education remains the vehicle for social-economic development and social mobilization in any society.

Nigeria like any other developing nation has witnessed prolong military rule and civilian administration ,which necessitate the promulgation of decrees ,edicts and laws concerning education practices at federal ,state and local government levels. The inconsistent continuation of government, due to coup detal de-emphasize the continuity in the implementation of educational laws and policies since 1970s till the present time .This gradually laid the foundation of fallen standard at the primary and secondary School level



References: Arce,Josephine, Debra Luna, Ali Borjian, and Margu erit Conrad.( 2005). Ezewu E. E. and Okoye N. W. (1981). Priciples of Continous Assessment. Ibadan: Evans Brothers Ltd. Ezewu, E. E. (1987) A Study for the Bases of Students Friendship Choices and the Relationship between Social Positions amd Academic Achievements, in a Classroom group Unpublished M. A. (Ed) Thesis. Bernadean University. Grissmer, D.W., Kirby, S.N., Berends, M. & Williamson, S. (1994). Student achievement and the changing American family. Washington, DC: Rand Corporation. Matanmi, S. (1989) Linkage Education with Employee Attitudes to Rational Organisation: Findings from Nigeria, In S. Oke, (ed), LASU Journal of Humanities 1. Baharudin, Rozumah & Tom Luster Bali, Valentina,A. & R.Michael Alvarez.(2003).Schools and educational outcomes: what causes the “race gap” in student test scores? Social Science Quarterly, 84 (3) 485-508. Bali, Valentina, A. & R. Michael Alvarez(2004). The race gap in student achievement scores: longitudinal evidence from a racially diverse school district..Policy Studies Journal 32 (3), 393-416. Battle, Juan. & Michael Lewis (2002).The increasing significance of class: The relative effects of race and socioeconomic status on academic achievement. Journal of Poverty, 6 (2), 21-35. Carbonaro,William(2005).Tracking, students ' effort, and academic achievement.Sociology of Education, 78 (1), 27-49. Ceballo, Rosario, Vonnie C. McLoyd, & Teru Toyokawa (2004).The influence of neighborhood quality on adolescents ' educational values and school effort. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19 (6), 716-739. Chambers, Elisha A., & James B Musgrave P.w (1983) The Sociology of Education (3rd Edition) New York Methuen and Co Fenstermacher,C.D.(1986)Philosophy of Research on Teaching Three aspects M.C Wittrock (E.d) handbook on Research teaching (3rd edition) New York. Macmillan ,Kuti,M.A(1976)The need for counseling in Nigeria Secondary School.Journal Science Teachers Association of Nigeria:15 (1)20- 27 ,MBA,P.O (1981) Khan,H (2006)Research method Behavioral science U.S.A Cambridge University Press. Meaney P.N (2007) Dissolution of Marriage ,London ,Mc Donnald and Evans L.td Crosnoe, Robert, Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, and Glen. H. Elder Jr. (2004).School size and the interpersonal side of education: An examination of Race/Ethnicity and organizational context. Social Science Quarterly, 85 (5), 1259-1274. Crosnoe, Robert, Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, & Glen. H. Elder Jr. (2004).Intergenerational bonding in school: The behavioral and contextual correlates of student-teacher relationships. Sociology of Education , 77(1), 60-81. Domina, Thurston. (2005).Leveling the home adv antage: assessing the effectiveness of parental involvement in elementar y school. Sociology of Education. 78 , 233-249. Eamon, Mary,Keegan.(2005).Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on academic achievement of Latino young adolescents.Journal of Youth and Adolescenc, 34 (2), 163-175. Eitle, Tamela McNulty (2005)Do gender and race matter? Explaining the relationship between sports participation and achievement. Sociological Spectrum, 25(2), 177-19 5. Conger, R. D., Ge, X., Elder, Jr., G.H., Lorenzo, F.O., & Simons,(1994). Economic Stress, coercive family process, and developmental problems of adolescents. Child Development, 65, 541-561. Douglas, J. B. W. (1964) The Home and School London. W. Gribbin and Key. Eamon, Mary. Keegan(2005),Social-demographic, school, neighborhood, and parenting influences on academic achievement of Latino young adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescenc, 34 (2), 163-175. Eitle, Tamela McNulty Hunt, H. David( 2005).The effect of extracurricular activities in the educational process: Influence on academic outcomes? Sociological Spectrum, 25 (4), 417-445. Jeynes, William H Majoribanks, Kevin. (1996).Family Learning Environments ans Students’ Outcomes: A Review. Journal of Comparitive Family Studies 27 (2), 373-394. McNeal, Ralph B Miller, Kathleen E, Merril J. Melnick, Grace M. Barnes, Michael P. Farrell, and Don Sabo(2005).Untangling the links among athletic involvement, gender, race, and adolescent academic outcomes. Sociology of Sport Journal, 22(2), 178-193. Murdock, Tamaera B., Lynley H. Anderman, & Sheryl A. Hodge. 2000.Middle-Grade Predictors of Students’ Motivation and Behavior in High School. Journal of Adolescent Research. 15(3), 357-351. Santor, Darcy A., Deanna Messervey, & Vivek Kusumakar.(2000). Measuring peer pressure, popularity, and conformity in adolescent boys and girls: Predicting school performan ce, sexual attitudes, and substance abuse Seyfried, Sherri.F.1998).Academic achievement of African American preadolescents: The of teacher perceptions.American Journ al of Community Psychology, 26 (3), 381-402 Tam, Mo. Yin. S., &, Gilbert. W. Bassett Jr. (2004).Does diversity matter? measuring the impact of high school diversity o n freshman GPA Policy Studies Journal, 32 (1), 129-143. Voelkl, Kristin E., John W Wright, David. 2006. Seminar in Sociological Theory. Spring. Wichita, KS: Wichita State University. Joshi, R Schickedanz,J.A (1995): Family Socialization and Academic Achievement. New York ; The Psychological Corporations.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    References: Howard, T.G. (2010). Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools: Closing the Achievement Gap in…

    • 2965 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In America, a person’s social class plays a huge part in the type of education they will receive. This, in turn, determines how well they will succeed in their adult lives. A study done in 1999 found that on average there was a direct correlation showing the higher the family’s income, the better the student did on their SATs (710). This paper will examine the different educational experiences each social class undergoes. It will also look more in depth into the lives of three individuals who represent each of the social classes, and examine their educational background up to their present day careers and assets.…

    • 1025 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The purpose of this project is to determine the degree of impact, if any, that a student’s home life has on standardized test scores. The data gathered for this research project could potentially be used by schools to identify an issue in student achievement, and potentially implement interventions to help counteract the negative impact on student scores. Theoretically, the data may also be used to help schools understand positive or negative trends in overall average scores for the school. For example, a principal may look at student demographics to explain, at least in part, a significant increase or decrease in a particular teacher’s class.…

    • 2835 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This paper includes a reference list of literature relating to the impact socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity has on academic achievement and what can be done to combat the achievement gap. In general, the literature seems to indicate that socioeconomic status has a greater impact then race or ethnicity on achievement. However, these constructs are often intertwined. The greatest source for combatting the achievement gap are teachers high in self-efficacy, strong and well directed principal leadership, having a positive and accepting racial climate, smaller class sizes, less harsh discipline with more support to reduce bad behavior, and better communication between parents and the school. Most authors agree, making education more meaningful and purposeful to the students would increase motivation to learn, which would increase success in academics. Almost all authors agree, professional development concentrated in these areas will reduce the achievement gap due to the increased academic success. There seems to be a combination quantitative and qualitative research.…

    • 3212 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Kozol further strengthens this claim by describing the astonishing differences in urban and inner-city school conditions, ranging from overcrowded schools and clean bathrooms to differences in educational programs (with libraries and programs such as arts being non-existent to inner-city students), and each factor seems to further indicate that racial segregation is present (313-316). Gross discrepancies in teacher salaries between the city schools and the suburban “white” schools plays another important role in Kozol’s claim. The greater the teacher’s salary, the greater the spending limit per student, which inadvertently places the white student a step ahead and creates yet another barrier between the different student populations.…

    • 767 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Thomas, Jacqueline R. "Achievement Gaps Linger between Students from Low-income Families and Their Peers." The Connecticut Mirror. N.p., 19 July 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.…

    • 2569 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Voices Responce

    • 1588 Words
    • 7 Pages

    One’s home environment is as important as the school environment if not more. When a student is not in school, the majority of the time he/she is at home. Sometimes “these home environments are characterized by limited financial resources, lack of personal supervision, constant distractions and crowded living conditions” many could agree that it is much easier to focus on the TV than Pre Calculus homework (Ferrer 49). Students can spend a large amount of time unsupervised seeing as their parents are working and preoccupied with making ends meet. We’re accountable to look after our younger siblings and take on other responsibilities at home while they are at work. The environment at home could have the TV playing constantly, siblings fighting with each other, and parents arguing. All these factors put into a small house where seclusion from distractions is impossible make studying for a test or trying to concentrate on…

    • 1588 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Kurlaender, M., & Yun, J. T. (2007). Measuring school racial composition and student outcomes in a multiracial society. American Journal of Education, 113, 213-235.…

    • 2023 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Best Essays

    Rollock, Nicola. 2007. “Why Black Girls Don’t Matter: Exploring how race and gender shape academic success in an inner city school.” Support for Learning 22(4):197-202.…

    • 2295 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Good Essays

    The primary social institutions are education and family. These social institutions are determined by their society’s form of production. Social institutions tend to reinforce inequalities and uphold the power of dominant groups.…

    • 392 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Acievement Gap

    • 1079 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In the U.S. education system today, we have experience an influx of different ethnic groups within the schools; therefore a multicultural framework of our education system was necessary. A multicultural framework means that we structure the school in a way that is promoting the cultural of all students that attend. This however is not true of all school systems and is indicative to why the term “achievement gap” still exists. Achievement gap is a term that has been used in education for several decades; however it has evolved in its usage. An achievement gap refers to the observed disparity on a number of educational measures between the performance of groups of students, especially groups defined by gender, race, ability, and socioeconomic status (Scholarpedia.com). Across the U.S, a gap in academic success continues to be evident between minority and underprivileged students and their white peers. This evidence is seen in an array of means, such as tests,…

    • 1079 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The favorable academic achievement is necessary to help the student gain the equal access to the education. For most minorities the education would make them have the higher spending on effort, time and money. Particularly, some lower income family student who even give up their education due to financial problem, which lend them to lose the opportunity to accept the higher education. According to the article written by Sabrina Travernise, which quote “a study that found that gap in the standardized test scores between affluent and lower income students had grown by above 40 percent since the 1960s”. The racial gap testing is now double between the blacks and whites. From 2007 to 2009 the achievement gap for the majority still stayed the same. For example the minority students occupy the large ratio of the poverty student. In many of the lower income families, the…

    • 858 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Cited: CHRISTOPHER, JENCKS. "The Black-White Test Score Gap." The New York Times. 1998. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. .…

    • 3073 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Achievement Gap

    • 321 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The goal of public schools in the US is to give American citizens a chance at an equal education. However somewhere over time this system has failed to provide all children with this said education. More specifically it has failed at giving African American children an adequate education. When looking at mandatory state test scores of African Americans they are significantly lower than those of white Americans. The achievement gap in education between whites and blacks is a big problem the American education system has and needs to solve. In this essay I will discuss why there is an achievement gap in education between white and black students and what teachers can do to help close this gap.…

    • 321 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    Adeyinka, A.G. (2009). Marriage and family in changing society. Ilesha. Wanday Press Publisher. Bell M. (2002). Define academic performance. Retrieved on 15/July/2012 from http://www.pt3.org/vq/html/honev.html.…

    • 2576 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Best Essays