During the 15th through the 18th centuries, the attitudes and beliefs about, and the treatment of Jews was an important subject. Anti-Semitism (the hostility to or prejudice towards Jews) raged on throughout Europe for most of this time period. Attitudes meaning the feelings about the Jews, beliefs meaning how you think the Jews are, and treatments meaning how you act towards them based on your attitudes and beliefs. At the beginning of this time period, Jews were generally thought of as vicious and greedy, the killers of Christ. Towards the end of this time period, around the 17th and 18th century, Jews were not treated as badly thanks to the Enlightenment. In the documents…
1.The Ottoman Empire was the Islamic world’s most important empire in the early modern period…
Shabbetai Tzvi’s strongest believer was Nathan of Gaza. Nathan of Gaza was already known for his religiosity and visionary powers when he met Shabbetai Tzvi in 1663. Nathan had a vision of Shabbetai Tzvi as the Messiah and one Shavuot, he fell into a trance and publically announced Shabbetai Tzvi as the Messiah. Nathan spread the word of coming redemption to Jewish communities all over Europe. In a prophetic dream, he saw the year 1666 as being the year of redemption. After Shabbetai Tzvi’s impromptu conversion to Islam, Nathan worked tirelessly to keep the Sabbatean ideologies alive for years to come. Raphael Joseph Chelebi was a very wealthy and pious Jew living in Cairo in the time of Shabbetai Tzvi. He held the prestigious Turkish title of chelebi, meaning gentleman. He became one of Shabbetai Tzvi’s most prominent supporters, going as far as to house the latter for two years. While Nathan of Gaza and Raphael Joseph Chelebi are examples of believers in Shabbetai Tzvi as the Messiah since the beginning, some followers came to be through other means. Chaim Pegna was a vocal disbeliever in Shabbetai Tzvi who was almost killed by an angry mob of believers. He eventually changed his loyalties when his daughter had a vision of Shabbetai Tzvi’s Messianic power. Shabbetai Tzvi’s movement gained so much momentum that at times, people could not…
Was the Holocaust really necessary? Was the Salem Witch Trials really necessary? Was there any reason for it at all? Just like the Salem Witch trials there was no real evidence, need, or reason for The holocaust. Because somebody said this, or somebody believed in this, many people lost their lives with no real, strong reason for it. Most of it were caused by mass hysteria, something that does not happen much today.…
With the end of World War I, came the down fall of Germany. The signing of the Treaty of Versailles forced Germans to take blame for the war and pay large reparation to the victorious countries. Germany lost everything they owned and spiraled downhill. With the whole country down in the slums, any sight of hope sparked a wild fire; the emergence of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party did just that. Hitler, a German Nationalist, began rising to power due to his promises to fix the corruption and create the rebirth of Germany, which included his idea of a perfect Aryan race. Many groups of people, including the Jewish, Russians, and Slavics, contaminated Hitler’s pure race. With the rise of the “Jewish Question”, what to do with this hated group of people, the only answer was the extermination of the vermin like European Jews. “Getting rid of lice is not a question of ideology. It is a matter of cleanliness” (Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Himmler). The mass extermination of the Jews called for thousands of SS officers to run the concentration camps and gas chambers. The Holocaust happened due to the horrific orders that no one dared to break, in order to rebuild the strength of Germany.…
The book, Muslims in Spain by L.P Harvey depicts the history of Spanish Islam during the late 15th century to the year 1614, when the remaining Muslim population was expelled from the Iberian Peninsula. In the early 16th century, Catholic kings Ferdinand and Isabella had already expelled the Jews from Spain in 1492, which was the year in which they acquired the Islamic Kingdom of Granada; King Ferdinand and Isabella made all of the Muslims living in the territories of the Crown of Castile convert to Christianity. In 1526, the same action was extended to convert Muslims of Aragon and Valencia, which officially ended the existence of legal Muslims in Christian territories of Iberia, where they lived under the name of “Mudejares” throughout the entire medieval period.…
"To kill the Jews, the Nazis were willing to weaken their capacity to fight the war. The United States and its allies, however, were willing to attempt almost nothing to save them" (Pp 5). If we would have put half as much energy into loving the Jews as Hitler spent hating the Jews we could have made a great difference.…
Following centuries of flourishing political, cultural, and social life in Spain, the Jews were expelled in 1492 CE; tens of thousands of Jews seeking refuge migrated to Muslim countries of North Africa, to Italy, and to various parts of the Ottoman Empire.1 In 1517 CE, the Turks succeeded in extending their territory in the East by gaining control over Egypt, Syria, Palestine, and the Arabian Peninsula, as a result Jews were able to settle in the land of Israel under highly favorable and secure conditions.2 For a variety of reasons Safed, located high in the Galilean hills, experienced the largest increase in population, in part, on account of the far greater economic opportunities there than in Jerusalem.3…
Everyday the Jews of Masada would try to live their lives in as much peace as possible while still knowing the Romans could attack any moment. In this paper I will be talking about the history of Masada, what life was like there, and what it was like for the Jews when they died.…
To many of us non Jews, whether it be Christian or Muslim or whatever, I…
During the Holocaust, sixteen to twenty million Gentiles from various countries throughout Europe were killed. These victims included Gypsies, Poles and other Slavic people, people who were physically or mentally disabled, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, clergymen, political enemies, resistance fighters, asocials, African-German children, and still others. Each group wore different colored badges as means of identification. These non-Jewish victims died from starvation, executions, beatings, overworking, relocations, gassing, experiments, and disease, resulting in devastating losses.…
World War two, the deadliest war to ever take place, began on September first, 1939, and ended six long years later on September second, 1945, with over sixty million casualties. Eleven million of these casualties were caused by the concentration camps of the Holocaust, or the systematic killing of six and a half million Jews and five million others by the Nazi’s. The children of the Holocaust were the worst off. They weren't given much chance at survival. All children under the age of twelve were sent straight into the gas chambers and those that were older and healthy were sent to the camps to be used for labor.…
The Holocaust is one of the biggest cases in history of alienation and persecution, as prior to it, there had been eleven million Jewish people, the main targets, living in Europe…
The Holocaust, a mass murder of European Jews led by Hitler and punished by Nazi Germany in the early/mid 1900’s ( Rossel 12 ). The Holocaust took place in the years of 1933 through 1945 ( “Introduction” par. 3 ), in the countries of Germany and Poland ( Rossel 32 ). Antagonists of this historical event include Nazis and their leader Adolf Hitler, enforcing cruelty upon the Jews of European nations ( Rossel 12 ). The Holocaust was the persecution of 6 million Jews and millions of others forced to live in ghettos, deported to camps, and systematically annihilated until the Allied forces liberated the remaining survivors.…
Unique for its time, in September of 1480, Spain created special religious tribunals to address cases of “heretical depravity”. These tribunals, collectively referred to as the Spanish Inquisition, sought to eliminate deviation from Catholicism. Jews bore the brunt of these tribunals. They were rarely acquitted of charges levied through the Spanish Inquisition, and relative to other “heretics,” Jews were executed more frequently. In 1492, all Jews were expelled from Spain. In 1750, Frederick the Great issued the Revidierte General-Privilegium und Reglement vor die Judenschaft im Königreiche Preussen, which strictly limited the number of "protected" Jews permitted…