The Fate Of Dental Implants Without Primary Stability Case Study

The Fate of Dental Implants without Primary Stability: An Experimental Study in Sheep.
Abstract
Background and objectives: Primary implant stability is considered necessary for achieving and maintaining osseointegration. The purpose of this experimental study was to know what will happen if we place implants without primary stability both clinically and radiographically.
Method: Two adult sheep (3-4 years of age), 70 kg in weight, were included in the study. After sedation and local anesthesia the lateral side of the basal bone of mandible is exposed by a single long incision. The implant bed performed perpendicularly to the basal bone of mandible drilling to 5 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. Five implants were inserted at basal bone of
Several studies have shown that single stage surgery with immediate placement of dental implants after extraction and immediate loading of implants has predictable and successful results comparable to those of the traditional 2-stage protocol.10–12 Comprehensive reviews of in vivo studies have reported that micromotion at the bone-implant interface in the range of 50 to 150 µm may adversely affect osseointegration and remodeling at bone bone-implant interface.6-9 A review of literatures found no studies evaluating the fate of dental implants when placed without primary stability, so the study could fill in gaps in knowledge about important subject
All surgical procedures were performed under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia at veterinary theater (Ankawa Veterinary Center-Erbil-Iraq). The animal was first sedated using ketamine hydrochloride 3 mL/kg (Rotexmedica GMBH, Trittau, Germany) and xylazine (Rompun; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany), and 0.2 mg/kg local anesthesia consisting of lidocaine 1:100,000 are administered in the surgical area (to the basal bone of mandible). The surgical area is shaved, washed, and disinfected with povidone-iodine (Betadine) (Figure 1). The lateral side of the basal bone of mandible is exposed by a single long incision followed by a separate elevation of the skin and the facial layers. The implant bed performed perpendicularly to the basal bone of mandible and according to the manufacturer’s guidelines of implant system (Nucleoss Implants, Izmir, Turkey), drilling to 5 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. Five implants were inserted at basal bone of mandible for each side (right and left), but the sizes of inserted implant was 4.2 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, the implants were submerged about 1 mm in the marginal ridge of prepared implant bed (the implants were placed without primary stability), then the cover screw was installed. The surgical site is sutured in a layering approach to avoid flap rupture, using resorbable polyglactin sutures (Vicryl 3/0; Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ, USA) and