The Federal Court System

There are total of five federal offenses: crimes committed on high seas, federal property, and crossing a state or national border, Dereliction of Interstate Commerce, and harming a federal official while they are on duty. The Federal Courts are use for impeachment of a Public Official, disputes between two or more states, and Federal Courts have total jurisdiction over people filing bankruptcy in the U.S.. In my opinion, having total jurisdiction over people filing bankruptcy in the U.S. is most important role of Federal Courts. Many of people go to the Federal Courts to fight for their rights, and the Federal Courts has the ability to help them. All federal court judges are nominated by the President and are approved by the Senate. Once
they become a judge, they will be employed for life. But, they can be remove when they die, quit, retire, or get impeached. There are some Unofficial qualifications. Presidents will nominated people who shares his judicial philosophy. The Senator from nominee’s home state can express his or her feelings about the nominee, but the Senator cannot stop a nominee’s approval. Unlike other officials nominations, to become a federal court judge does not have every specific qualifications, which mean I am qualify to be a federal court judge. Also, I would like to add an qualification that the public and other officials can nominate for federal court judges. And the nominee have to have at least 80% of public votes to be a judge. I want to add this qualification because the public would want to have good judges. Two types of cases are civil case and criminal case. In civil case, who provides the most evidence will wins. Burden lies with both sides to dismantle the others case. In criminal case, if any doubt is raised about the guilt of the accused, the accused should be freed. Jurisdiction is the power which was extended to make legal decisions and judgements for the public. The original jurisdiction was to review evidence, hear the arguments between attorneys, and then decide which would win. The same crime cannot be tried twice in the original jurisdiction. Another type of jurisdiction is the appellate jurisdiction. It decide if the procedures were done correctly and wether if the defense should have another trial. Personally, I think the criminal case is the most important because gives the defense side to have another chance to fight back. Trial and District is the bottom part of the federal court system.
Each state will have at least 1 federal district court and up to 4 fede district courts. Currently, there are total of 91 federal district courts in the United States, and each has a judge in it. 15% of all the cases are handled by the federal district courts in the United States. The next part of the federal court system is the Circuit Courts of Appeals. The United States is divided into 11 circuits, and Washington D.C. is every special because it is circuit. There are at least five to fifteen people, and all the cases are heard by groups of three judges. The circuit courts only review the written records of the trail and written briefs submitted by attorney. The top of the federal court system is the U.S. Supreme Court. This is the only court which was created by the U.S. constitution, Article 3. The different ears of the U.S. Supreme Court are called by the last name of the Chief Justice. For example, the Marshal Court ear was in early 1800s, and the Chief wan J. John Marshall. I believe the U.S. Supreme Court is the most important in our court system because all the important cases that would affect the whole nation would be heard in the Supreme
Court. There are many steps of how the Supreme Court make a decision.
The first step is vote to render opinion on the case in conference. During this step, the winning side will have 5 or more votes, and the highest ranking justice of majority select who writes the opinion. Then the following steps are opinion, circulate the opinion for others opinions and potential changes, Accept others decision and make changes, then vote again. In this step, majority will announce their opinion. According to the Federal Judiciary PowerPoint, judicial activist is a philosophy of judicial decisions making that argues judges should use their power broadly to further justice, especially in the areas of equality and personal liberty, and the judicial restrained is a philosophy of judicial decision making that argues courts should allow the decisions of other branches of government to stand, even when they offend a judge’s own sense of principles. In my opinion, the judges should be an activist in a court case. Everybody knows the importance of the equality and personal liberty in this country. If the judges regret about a court case offend it, they should be
impeached.