The History Of The Theory Of Eat 1 2err3eqwrf3r4

The history of the theory of eat
During the warring states period the Taoist representative ZhuangZhou tell a story: a chef slaughtered cattle for the king. His technology is very skilled and he can use knife to move flexibly in the bone joints, no obstacle, and has rhythm. The king thought he is the best cook in the world. As a result, the king give cook a lot of money and a title of nobility.Extensive and profound Chinese food culture, reflect the different historical period of our country from different views of politics, economy, science and technology, culture and other aspects of information, contains the many precious heritage of our Ancestors. The evolution of the Chinese food has experienced numerous ups and downs, and prosperities and crises. In Chinese long history, the food and Cooking methods reform had changed how people live. In pre-qin period(old Stone Age and hot Stone Age), Chinese people don't understand how to artificial fire and cooked food . Diet was just eating birds and animals in raw, and this is not belong to the Chinese diet culture. In hot Stone Age, Chinese people realized to use fire to cook animal and seed of plants. Thus, Chinese diet culture has the prototype. Tang dynasty is the most open dynasty in Chinese history. Tang ’s makes China flourish. People became rich. Significant advancement happened in every part of tang dynasty. By Silk Road, many food income to China such as grapes, walnuts, carrots, peppers, Lima bean, spinach (also called the Persian dish), cucumber, pomegranate, etc for the spread of the diet of east Asians added more choice. Wine through the history of the development of the specialty into traditional Chinese wine culture. These materials have greatly enriched the Chinese diet and thus derived a lot of different dishes. “When the Romans conquered in 63 B.C. the seleucid Syria and the first 30 years after the conquest of Egypt Ptolemy dynasty, together with zhang qian to the west for the first time after the far east Chinese national strength to the opportunity of west development, through the silk road exchanges and trade in India, southeast Asia, Ceylon island, the rapid development between China and the Middle East, Africa and Europe. Numerous new products, technology and a steady stream of thought in the three states of various countries in Asia and Africa. Trade between the mainland communication rules, orderly.In addition, Afghanistan lapis caravan of continuously flows into Europe and Asia, as well. This trade goods in Eurasia far earlier than silk spread contributed a lot to drive the Eurasian trade exchanges. This precious commodity two river basin was a symbol of wealth. After the lapis lazuli spread to India, is where Buddhist worship as one of Buddhist shippo, make lapis added a distant religious color. The grapes, walnuts, carrots, peppers, Lima bean, spinach (also called the Persian dish), cucumber (han said cucumber), pomegranate, etc for the spread of the diet of east asians added more choice. Wine through the history of the development of the specialty into traditional Chinese wine culture. The caravan was shipped from China's major iron, gold, silver, mirrors and other luxury products. To China's rare animals and birds, plants, leather goods, herbs and spices, jewelry. ( Bai Du, The Silk road Between Roman And Chinese, P185) . In this quote, we can know that people not only can get many new kinds of food but also get gold by sole the silk to Roman. People who lived in tang dynasty start invent the 8 main kinds of style cooking in China. In addition, Chinese people would like to eat beef , lamb more than pork or chicken. Because the emperor of tang dynasty have Partial xianbei descent. So people who live in tang dynasty want that close to the royal family habits. However, after the rulers of the tang dynasty has experienced a great famine disaster , the emperor banned the slaughter of cattle command. This inhuman command led to the residents in poor health, because eighty percent of the meat is beef. People
During ming dynasty, Basic elimination in the Ming dynasty, wild rice as the staple food, pitted also changed to oil, rice instead of bean to cook. Face became the rations to the north, potatoes, sweet potatoes, vegetables as the main food of the people, planting industry reached an unprecedented level. Artificial breeding of livestock and poultry become the main source of meat.

3, xia period
After yu's death, his son and change the traditional system of "demise", forcibly took the dayu "class", established the first dynasty in Chinese history - the xia. From then on China from the primitive society to the slavery society, namely the xia period. Ruler during this period, the pursuit of food texture increases the designs and varieties of the food, promote the structural changes of the food, triggered a series of reforms in the field of food production, and constantly enrich the diet culture.
(1) the food raw materials increased greatly. Such as: the emergence of new beam, wild rice, etc. The most meat, only in the Yin ruins of excavated animal bones: mammals have 29 species, two kinds of vegetables, more than 30 kinds of fruits. In addition to the sauce, vinegar, sugar, spice and beverage, etc.
(2) in the vegetable garden and orchard. Shang dynasty garden, zhou in orchard.
(3) people began to use ice. Upper class at this time in the hot summer started eating ice.
(4) tableware quite exquisite. At this time of tableware: GUI jie, ding, beans, etc. These dishes are very pay attention to the shape and texture, as far as possible in the above work, draw on all sorts of design, beautiful and easy, look comfortable.
(5) shixing banquet.
6. Eat linked to politics. Such as ding by the tableware into a sacrificial vessel, etc.
All landowners in the system of two meals a day.
4, the spring and autumn period and the warring states period
This period each governors for world hegemony, they attach great importance to the steel industry, the iron tools has been widely used, and daxing irrigation and water conservancy construction, promote oxen-led technology, accelerate the development of agricultural production. In addition they also compete to political reform. With the development of social change and production, in dietary respect appeared some new conditions.
(1) relative shortage of meat. The rapid development of the agricultural production kept expanding farmland, pasture gradually reduce, in cattle and sheep and other livestock are greatly reduced.
(2) the most popular of aquatic products. Mainly: fish, can, turtle, etc.
(3) in the north and the south feed system. Caused by the governors of all stripes at the time for each other, both north and south is not communication, plus two different natural environment, which gradually formed the two major food department, the central plains the feed system and its system.
(4) pay attention to diet etiquette.
5. Pay attention to diet health.
6 sitology works. Such as: "the flavor" of the "spring and autumn annals", etc.
In the early qin period of most food food:
Oil, salt, sauce, vinegar, tea, wine, sugar, porridge and soup, seeks bread, sanzi rice cakes, dumplings, thousand crisp cake, suzhou, lanling wine, shaoxing wine, vegetarian.
(2), qin and han dynasties
Qin and han dynasties is not only the early period of Chinese feudal dynasty, is also a big change period in the history of Chinese diet. During this period also appeared in the modern sense of hotel and restaurant industry more hasten is developed. After Zhang Qiantong xiyu, exchanges with the outside world has become increasingly widespread, cooking materials, flavor varieties increased rapidly, cooking technology is also improved significantly. So in dietary respect there are many new situation in our country.
1) pasta instead of grain of food. The qin and han dynasties stone mill has throughout the country, people use graphite grinding wheat, thus appeared the pasta. With the emergence of "face", all sorts of "cake" also arises at the historic moment.
(2) two meals into three meals. Due to economic development, social progress, three meals is beneficial to people's life and production.
(3) the three major cuisines gradually formed. A cuisine formation in addition to its unique cooking techniques, and the influence of many aspects, such as the natural environment in this area. Qin and han dynasties formed shandong, sichuan, guangdong three big cuisines.
(4) pay attention to eat a diet. As early as the pre-qin period with the "medicine food homology". It is widely believed that in this time period is better than medicine to eat.
5. Chopsticks is universal.
6. Mutton popular. Qin and han dynasties, people may not be indiscriminate killing horses and cows. So when people main meat sheep, pigs, dogs and chickens, ducks, geese, and mutton is seen as a top grade again.
All landowners meat eat variety. Such as acupuncture, boiled, Fried, steamed, wax, Chuai, enjoys, pulp, etc.
End up drinking etiquette multifarious.
Huge pet-name ruby diet differences. Emperors and Kings and officials at or above the intermediate level to eat delicacies and a variety of gourmet food. At a time when the civilians starving due to famine, war, and in some places there are even people eat people phenomenon.
Qin and han dynasties in foreign food:
Pomegranate, garlic, grapes, and wine and so on.
Qin and han dynasties in new food:
Tofu, laba rice porridge, yuanxiao, baked wheat cake, tea, poor mengding black rice, sausages, fish, ocean county.
(3), the three jin and southern and northern dynasties
The three jin and the northern and southern dynasties in Chinese history a big division, big turbulent times. This time a large number of migrating south central plains immigrants, at the same time, long-term living in the west, the north border of the huns, jie, qiang, xianbei, di five ethnic minority in large-scale moving inland. Migration to make their culture blend together. This kind of nomadic culture and farming culture of the fusion, the fusion of the central plains culture and jiangnan culture, brings to the field of diet are many vibrant new things.
(1) the food raw material. Such as rice, upland rice, rice and green taro rice, tired, Bai Mo rice, cicadas rice and so on. Again such as millet, the western jin dynasty to develop a red millet, white stems millet, a dozen varieties, and to the northern wei has been increased to eighty-six varieties.
(2) Li Ziyu champions league group of fruit. Society at that time there have been dozens of fruit, but the plums because of its strong adaptability, variety, and all the year round can mature fruit for their champions league group.
(3) cooking grew rapidly. Stir-fry processing time is short, very few nutrients loss. Therefore, the technique was born by the welcome of people.
(4) Sue vegetables begin to form. The formation of jiangsu cuisine with the political situation and economic development are inseparable.
(5) the rich diet. Gate valve during this period the cremation had formed and enjoy all kinds of privileges, they use various means to devour a large sum of money. Plus the frequent dynastic change and natural disasters, make people think there is today, not tomorrow, led to their diet with regard to the pursuit of luxury.
6. The wind of drinking.
All landowners, compelling. The moral concept of almost all aspects of life reflected in the diet.
Was famous research in health food. Such as cao cao development of health care products: nine stuffed spring, etc.,
Pet-name ruby and began to give non-vegetarian food. According to historical records it entirely by emperor wudi advocate and popular. Because of emperor wudi buddhist and acting the archbishop, he also wrote an article to broken wine meat to the call for the country and don't eat meat.
Attending many diet books. Such as cao cao "four food system", in danger of "food Jane record", Cui Hao Cong the food by sun simiao qimin yaoshu, etc.
In The Three Kingdoms period of the southern and northern dynasties in the 5th most food:
Steamed bread, noodles, dumplings, chaos, dew crisp, jing county, candied fruit, flavoring liquor, luzhou laojiao (a kind of daqu liquor), Liu Ling drunk, nie, lushan mist tea, longjing tea, tea tea, cao chicken, fish leshan cuttlefish.
(4), the sui and tang dynasties
Sui and tang dynasties period was the heyday of feudal society of our country, its economy, politics, culture, science and technology and national defense, foreign all reached a splendid stage. In this period our country food field flowers, colorful. Its main performance is:
(1) an unprecedented rich food varieties. The development of productivity and increasing exchanges with the outside to make this period of unprecedented rich food varieties. It is worth mentioning the greenhouse vegetables and man-made cold drink originated in this period.
(2) hammer bread particularly pin. This time whether ordinary people or the emperor aristocrats all have a special liking to hammer the bread.
(3) wine culture. This time there are a lot of problem with wine verse, on the various wine to drink, wine and so on various abnormal.
(4) the wind of booze diffuses across the country. Sui and tang dynasties hard-drinking people are common, such as: li bai, is often the eight immortals, du fu, wine and so on.
(5) elite bizarre diet. Such as: the late a sovereign force ore. eat fat, etc.
6 and feed system. The product of national integration, the change of furniture led to a meal made significant changes have taken place. The appearance of the desk and chair has a broken system is of more than three thousand years and food instead.
All landowners prevailed "working lunch". ZongLi and after the tang dynasty, both the central government and local chief public funds to eat and to drink the "lunch" intensified.
Today diet book. Such as: "the daughter eat governance", "thousand Jin Yifang, compendium of material medica and diet food cure heart guide etc.
Pet-name ruby tea science book. Such as: tea "tea classics".
Attending food communication widely. Liberal and more open policies of national policy, coupled with the silk road open to all ethnic groups, between China and foreign exchanges between the more and more widely.
Sui and tang dynasties most of food:
Moon cakes, sweet white lotus root and rice, Beijing roast duck, fenjiu, too white, XiFengJiu, Gu Zhuzi bamboo, orchids, tea, watermelon.
(5), the song dynasty
Song dynasty attaches great importance to the education, commercial development, focus on the aspects such as social security, in the restaurant industry, also entered a peak period. Song dynasty ruler advocates hedonism, the diet of people are willing to give up so Song Chaofan conditional fluctuation kongfu. Under this strong heavy "eat" atmosphere, zhejiang, badge gradually formed two big cuisines. The song dynasty diet new phenomenon is as follows:
1) elites take the lead in food and drink. The song dynasty emperor to princes are very generous and advise senior generals "thick from entertainment" and "everyday drinking". Officials at all levels in view of this nature will not be ill-treated in their mouths.
(2) the inn hotel. Song dynasty career developed, people pay attention to diet, in order to adapt to this phenomenon, a consumption of various kinds of pubs. And the song dynasty rulers also encourage people to open the tavern.
(3) food porn. Whether private tavern or officer camp pub, song dynasty mostly to help the pin by pornography.
(4) game is very rich. People like to eat meat during this period, including a hare was regarded as the finest people rare food.
(5) attaches great importance to the feed height to celebrities.
6 ShiYao exquisite and beautiful. In the song dynasty, food not only notice the shape and color, also pay attention to the aroma and taste of food.
All landowners drinking has become a fashion. Song dynasty consumption motivation is multifarious, long-lived wines, banquet, justice, JieFengJiu, toast, and so on.
Today scholars like to cook. Song dynasty people not only like to eat, also like information to her to eat.
Pet-name ruby attaches great importance to the health food. Such as: PuQian penetration specially is the author of "BaoSheng must record on diet door", Chen straight is the author of "endowment in calligraphy, dietary modulation first", etc.
Song dynasty handed down many of the food:
Big rescue, three fresh lotus crisp, spring rolls, dim sum, coke baked wheat cake, Fried dough sticks, dongpo pork, dongpo soup, jinhua ham, song putting fish soup, wuxi meat bones, dongting wine, ice-sugar gourd.
(6), the yuan dynasty
Shortly after Kublai Khan unified days enacted the major policies of the "because" for farming, recovery and development of production, improving people's lives; Attaches great importance to the business, welcome foreign businessmen to do business in China, promote the circulation of goods and so on. Such as these are directly or indirectly influence the development of the catering industry.
(1) the quartet diet blend. As the national integration, the quartet diet is also the "elite", blend each other.
(2) the party become the home countries. The yuan dynasty rulers will be regarded as party war, hunting, belongs to the country's top priority.
(3) swept the country wine.
(4) s.s. tea homespun values. Saw Mongolian aristocrats of advocating the "tea" values, and quickly across the country to become mainstream, until the late Ming dynasty.
5. Pay attention to the cooking water. The yuan dynasty famous doctor pays attention to the relationship between diet and health, and water is necessary for people, so they are very pay attention to the source of the water.
6. Fashion old food. Yuan dynasty have aged respected, based on this, the state of the yuan dynasty famous doctor all pay attention to the health of the elderly, and developed some old food.
All landowners, cow meat be fasting. After Kublai Khan throne think cows, horses is the parent of cultivated land, war, so he issued a command: slaughter cattle, horses is prohibited.
Today ice cream to Europe. Ice cream is made by Italian traveler Marco Polo to Europe.
The unprecedented pet-name ruby pasta is complete.
Yuan dynasty handed down many famous food:
Mutton hotpot, koumiss, gluten, clear and crisp cheese.
(7), the Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty zhu yuanzhang established feudal dynasty peasant rebel army is leader. Because zhu yuanzhang days when he was a very hard, so he knew that the folk hard, and put the idea instilled in his children. Ming government in order to develop production and organization on a large scale cultivation; In order to strengthen the external exchanges, also appeared "zheng he's seven expeditions to the western seas" great feats. As the economy and the expansion of foreign trade, people's food raw materials increases greatly, some changes have taken place in the diet.
(1) the diet structure change. Such as: the north began to rice, in some places even as staple food; The south also generalize the wheat, and so on.
(2) the eight great cuisines gradually formed. Shandong, sichuan, guangdong, fujian, jiangsu, zhejiang, hunan, badge eight regional cuisines gradually formed.
(3) official start of "four dish one soup". Zhu yuanzhang is to create a social atmosphere of integrity, make the whole country all officers can be made to keep to the style of hard work and plain living.
(4) the government prohibit smuggling salt tea. From the beginning of the founding of the Ming will salt tea positioning of national monopoly, forbid anyone to smuggling salt, tea, or put to death.
(5) diet fad "goose". Geese in the Ming dynasty, is precious thing in the world, people not only see it as a feast of the feast, also as a gift of heavy goods.
6. Many nourishment works. Such as: gao has written the following eight ", Gong Yanxian is the author of the life of the yuan bao, zhang jingyue is the author of "JingYue encyclopedia", li shizhen is the author of "compendium of materia medica", and so on.
7 "JiuHuang" feed book. Due to the frequent famines in the Ming dynasty, make the relief was one of the characteristics of the diet culture, some lofty ideals and official LianLi in various rescue victims at the same time, also began to explore new sources of food, which appeared "JiuHuang" book.
Today for the first time expressly "quit".
Ming dynasty handed down many of the food:
To dig beef dumplings, hidden flower cake, weining crisp, these, kam tai meteor, HanChuan month, sirloin, call flower chicken, pen rack fish maw, sealing cylinder wine, yanghe daqu, rugao high sugar, dong Yang apricots, thousand layer of skin.
(8), the qing dynasty
In the qing dynasty, people not only pay attention to food color, flavor, and pays attention to the name of the food, pay attention to diet, and appear the man-han banquet. Increasingly volatile in the late qing dynasty, the society, but the rulers don't forget to eat and drink, still lead a life, it is objectively make the development of diet culture is not impeded. After the invasion of western China, in order to adapt to eating habits, also brought the western diet in China. Therefore the diet culture of China, new characteristics came into being.
Name (1) pay attention to food. Since emperor kangxi, the qing dynasty ruler pays attention to the name of the food.
(2) pay attention to diet.
(3) man-han banquet. Emperor qianlong left jiangnan, local officials to curry favor with the emperor, with the advantages of jiangnan unique, the court full set with the essence of han seats at an organic whole, put down the size of man-han banquet.
(4) in Beijing cuisine lugu food here.
(5) food east and west. In qing dynasty, as the transnational flow of overseas Chinese and south China university of technology, China's diet culture rife that all countries, at the same time, foreign food is also introduced into China.
6. The teahouse is multifarious.
Qing dynasty's foreign food:
Beer, canned, cookies, soda, coffee, chewing gum, potatoes and so on.
A large number of handed down in the qing dynasty of food:
Gold chicken meat, crossings, jinzhou assorted dishes, stinky tofu, seeps the state yellow, dial the royal face, dongtai fish soup noodles, across the bridge rice noodle, Li Liangui smoked meat pie, fo jump a wall, change knife, taicang pork floss, Ma Baozi clear soup noodles, chicken, pickled cucumbers, zhejiang, and fresh soup, kung, burn dragon soy sauce, 3 d, Yang Cun sweetened rice flour, rice cake, bobo sugar, mozi crisp, eight Jane cakes, sweet cakes, shaoxing wine, rohan maotai liquor and so on and so on.
(9),
During the period of the republic of China, the food of breed of design and color is a lot more. Because there have long been royal's dominance of the various imperial cuisine out of the palace, people set up dinner plates. In one is some flavor snack also changed from "tribute" to the "goods", to market and received the welcome of people. Moreover due to the large number of overseas Chinese, returnees, make foreign food further increase in China. In general of the republic of China food characteristic is as follows:
1) pseudo diets. Pseudo meat food is imitation of the qing dynasty palace kitchens of pure food, clip figure and named.
(2) foreign food. Such as: sandwiches, monosodium glutamate, Coca-Cola, cocktails, chocolate, hamburgers and so on. The impact on the Chinese diet is very big.
(3) eating interest widely.
(4) celebrity diet with ingenious ways.
5. A large number of famous shop was born. Such as: donglaishun restaurant, south to shun restaurant, GuiFaXiang twist shop, shilin the cafeteria, and so on.
During the period of the republic of China of famous food:
Vegan diet vegetarian dishes, MaTuan, fry a knot, yunnan back bread, sun, Dong Jiu, wuliangye, jiannanchun, etc.
China has always been a diet culture of the countries, no country in the world is a great variety of the food like in China, let a person too many things to see. From the pre-qin to the Chinese food in the world now has been in a leading position, also serves as the role of cultural exchange and communication. The history of the Chinese diet also reflects China's political and economic development. As our country's "national treasure" the Chinese food is our pride.

reference
Li Chunguang: a history of eating tianjin people's publishing house
Overview PangJie: "food culture" chemical industry press
Hu Zishan such as: "the Chinese diet culture" university press
Wang ling: "Chinese tea culture" kyushu press
GengHongSen: "the keeping in good health secret cult" in anhui province, people's publishing house
Du Fuxiang: "in encyclopedia of famous Chinese food in shanxi people's publishing house