The Hopi are a Native American nation that resides in the northeastern region of Arizona. “Surrounded by the Navajo nation, Hopi’s have inhabited the same villages for a millennium and are considered to be the oldest dwellers in the land on which their reservation resides” (The Hopi Indians). These Indians refer to themselves as Hopitu, which translates to “The Peaceful People”. The ideas behind Hopi are carried out through the actions that are executed when following the objectives of Kyavtsi; “maintaining the highest degree of respect for and obedience to moral standards & ethics, so as not to knowingly abuse, alter or oppose the progressive order and cycle of nature and the sacred manifestations of the creator’s teachings” (Traditional Values and…
In today’s society, the norm has become to contradict the norm. American culture focuses on the acceptance of the individual and acts of rebellion against the hierarchy. Yet when analyzing literature that takes place in another era, the audience cannot deny that there is a sense of conformity. People are never distinguished from being an outsider or insider, but instead they grow into a certain role. In the PBS documentary, “Minik: The Lost Eskimo”, explorer Robert Peary introduced the protagonist, Minik, to western culture which led to the American citizens to exclude him. In Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, Europeans arrive to Africa and colonize several tribes including the one that belongs to Okonkwo, the protagonist. The tribe ends up excluding Okonkwo, although he was trying to enforce similar ideals. Additionally, there is Meursault, from…
Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart exemplifies two sharply contrasting sides of the impact that religion can have on a society, being its ability to unify and segregate the people of a community. In the book’s first part, religion acts as the glue holding together the structure of Ibo society: it is the basis that helps to found the society’s rituals, moral code, and gender roles. Religion’s position as the leading authority in the tribe also helps to communicate a major theme in the book: the idea that society determines what is worthy of respect. Yet, in parts two and three of the book, the introduction of another religion, Christianity, to the tribe of Umuofia divides the Ibo people and creates immense controversy. Furthermore, even though there are major similarities in the religion of the Ibo and Christianity, the various more minor…
In the case study “The Dobe Ju/’hoansi”, the author Richard B. Lee, an anthropologist from the University of Toronto, provides an in-depth look into the lives of the South African tribe known as the Dobe Ju/’hoansi. In the book, Lee strives to shed light on several important factors of the Ju/’hoansi culture and lifestyle. The author addresses the point methodologically by first covering the foraging methods of the hunter-gatherers and then their sexuality and religion. Other factors of the tribe that the author focuses on are: politics, social change, marriage, conflict, and social organization. After analyzing Lee’s research on the Ju/’hoansi, I was able to discover that the biggest issue lies within their kinship, subsistence, and sexuality. [So far, you have stated the topic of the book, but you still need a clear statement of what you think Lee was trying to prove. He does describe their culture but he also have some things he wants to persuade us about.]…
One of the cultural groups that Lee writes about is the Navaho Indians. She gives several examples of the way the Navaho Indians live in their society. According to Dorothy Lee, these cultural groups constantly show respect for the individual and their integrity in their everyday lives (Lee, 1956). In the previous paragraph, the example of the Navaho mother and child is explained. With examples like these ones Dorothy Lee shows individual autonomy and social structure working in unison. “The practices I have presented here are not for us to copy, but rather food for thought, the basis for new insights,” Lee writes (Lee, 1956). Dorothy Lee believes with the examples she has provided that the people of American culture can learn something new considering these cultural groups also live in America (Lee, 1956). Dorothy Lee identifies the resolution to the key social problem in American culture is to try a different way of living by using some of the ideas from the cultural groups stated in her article, such as the Navaho Indians (Lee,…
Shaki, or Napoleon A. Chagnon’s 15 month enculturation with the Yanomamo tribe, Bisaasi-teri is characterized by fear, discomfort, loneliness, nosiness, and invaluable experiences through relationships and modesty about human culture. Chagnon documents the experience through the struggle and discovery surrounding his proposed research, as his lifestyle gradually comes in sync with the natural functions of his community. Much of his focus and time was consumed by identification of genealogical records, and the establishment of informants and methods of trustworthy divulgence. Marriage, sex, and often resulting violence are the foremost driving forces within Yanomamo, and everything that we consider part of daily routine is completely unknown and inconsequential to them. Traveling between neighboring tribes, he draws conclusions about intertribal relations, especially concerning marriage and raiding. Chagnon deals with cultural complexity that takes time to decipher, and in process, potential risk. Confronted with seemingly trivial situations, they often become unexpected phenomena and Chagnon’s adherence to documentation is amazing. He encounters personal epiphanies that I find intriguing, related to privacy and hygiene. This report becomes an inspiring document of an extreme anthropologic lifestyle as much as it is a cultural essay.…
I continued to read, and the more I read, the more confusing it became. The author speaks of things that this tribe do in their day to day lives in a prehistoric kind of way, but the similarities are just way to coincidental to our way of life. I asked myself, is this what we used to develop ourselves with? I mean is this the basis we have come to utilize our way of life? As I continued to read, I wonder how it is that no one I know has never spoke of such a tribe.…
Marx, E. (1977). The Tribe as a Unit of Subsistence: Nomadic Pastoralism in the Middle East. American Anthropologist, 79(2), 343-363. Retrieved October 5, 2011, from JSTOR database…
The chapter written by George Gmelch (2012), titled Nice Girls Don't Talk to Rastas, is an excellent example of naive realism, the idea that how the world is viewed remains fairly stable across all cultures. The chapter follows an American anthropology student named Johanna who is engaging in fieldwork for the first time. As someone new to the field, she mistakenly angers many of the people in her Barbadian village by associating herself with the Rastafari, a group of individuals who shun the ideals of Western cultures. The villagers regard them as a lower social class of drug addicts and thieves. Johanna's inexperience and naivety led her to see all of the villagers as equal, when, in contrast, the villagers see well defined social classes. Johanna was unable to extract her own views from her observations of the villagers, which almost compromised the last few weeks of her research.…
Why would eleven police officers watch four of their colleagues administer savage beating to Rodney King and do nothing to intervene? People in groups do not behave morally in groups as they do as individuals. Also people act and think differently when they collect in groups. Carol Tavris, a social psychologist, published an article entitled “In Groups We Shrink” in March of 1991 in the Los Angeles Times. She argues that there are various explanations as to why people behave morally as individuals but not in groups: they approve of what is taking place, they have the fear of being embarrassed or are victims of what psychologist call “diffusion of responsibility”. She believes, however, that fear of embarrassment is the most important explanation.…
Within every society, and every community or settlement across the globe, there is undoubtedly one thing that they have in common; we identify this as ‘culture’. “Culture is a design for living” (Clyde Kluckhohn, cited in Halambros et al, 2013: 5), it describes the norms, values, beliefs, and practises of a people. The economic base and division of labour, political structure, religion, and strata of the Nama Tribe are very different to that of modern English society. Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx established theories relating to different aspects of society and the way in which it operated, e.g. mechanical and organic solidarity (Durkheim, 1893), these can offer a platform for a new perspective on The Nama people and modern English society.…
There were many misconceptions about the indigenous people of the New World, many of which described them as simple and savage, a description that couldn’t further from the truth.…
In the western culture of today's society, we strongly stress the respect for other people's decision and the freedom for individual thought and belief, yet we are so accustomed to constantly judge and attempt to control others if their opinions or manners are not in an accordance with ours. Dorothy Lee is an anthropologist who studies and compares the western culture and the culture of the Navaho Indians. Through many aspects of this society she provides insight and alternative approaches into problems we experience from examining a culture that values freedom as something sacred, where individual autonomy is supported by the entire community and not subjected to age or gender. Simply put, the cultural framework of the Navaho Indians is the prospective goal of what the western society attempts to strive and achieve.…
The key social problem Lee addresses is the conflict between personal autonomy and the social structure. Personal autonomy is the ability one person has to determine their own actions and path. However, in the American social structure that Lee describes, American society believes that “the implication of personal autonomy may lead to lawlessness and chaos” (Lee). This would disrupt the Western social structure that is already in place, however, Lee points to many examples in the text, one of them being the Wintu Indians that show that structure makes autonomy possible and groups of autonomy make social structure. Lee refers to the Wintu Indians language, specifically the way the Wintu Indians speak to each other and refer to each other. In her research, Lee notices that the Wintu Indians way of referring to family members does not put them at a higher or lower level, but rather an equal level, which signifies respect. For example, if someone has a sister, they would not say “I have a sister”, instead, they would say “I am sistered”. Lee also notes that this respect is shown towards everyone. The Wintu Indians do not “permit” each other to do things, rather, when a child asks “Can I?”, they are not asking permission, but they are asking if it is a good idea. The way the Wintu Indians speak to each other shows that they are all in fact on the same level with each other. No one is above another – there is no hierarchy. The way they speak also shows that each individual is given the same respect, a child and an adult, a father and son, even a member of the village and the chief, are all respected the same. This is…
In this society, task division can be seen between genders. For example, women would farm and men would hunt. There was a townhouse where men and women would gather, it was a palace for debating and talking about important issues, and conduct ceremonies. The leader of the society was with one whom people would respect and follow him, rather than just a person who has born to office (p.3). There were reasons that white men considered Native Americans “uncivilized.” Cherokees or Native Americans were people who would live as a tribe, they had a leader and they would share the land that they were using for hunting. There were some laws and organizations. They had men who would fight and women who would farm and take care of the rest of the family. Their cloth was different than white people’s they wouldn’t cook their meat, they weren’t Christian, and they didn’t have any education. They believed it was up to them to keep everything around them in balance and when one of them was killed they thought it was their responsibility to retaliate their death. Also, they believed men balanced women and hunting…