John von Neumann, born December 28, 1903 was a Hungarian mathematician who made important contributions to computer science, von Neumann is best known for his EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) which opposed the not yet released ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). Neumann's EDVAC design was intended to resolve many of the problems created by the ENIAC's design. The ENIAC was designed to operate in decimal, whereas the EDVAC was designed to work in binary. These specific types of computers had to be physically rewired in order to perform different tasks. These machines are often referred to as "fixed-program computers," since they had to be physically reconfigured in order to run a different program. Since the term "CPU" is generally defined as a software (computer program) execution device, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPU's came with the advent of the stored-program computer.
- Moore's Law Gordon E. Moore, a co-founder of Intel Corporation, devised an empiric observation that the complexity of integrated circuits, with respect to minimum component cost, doubles every 24 months. Moore's original as found in his publication "Cramming more components onto integrated circuits" The complexity for minimum component costs has increased at a rate of roughly a factor of two per year ... Certainly over the short term this rate can be expected to continue, if not to increase. Over the longer term, the rate of increase is a bit more uncertain, although there is no reason to believe it will not remain nearly constant for at least 10 years. That means by 1975, the number of components per integrated circuit for minimum cost will be 65,000. I believe that such a large circuit can be built on a single wafer. - Electronics Magazine 19 April, 1965
Gordon Moore's observation was not named a "law" by himself, that honor goes to Caltech professor, VLSI (Very-large-scale integration) pioneer,