Further research to bolster its effectiveness would be on, “global, full-time surveillance, and attack…
The events of September 11th, 2001 have had a larger impact on the United States Intelligence Community than any single event in its history. It forced the U.S. Intelligence community to look critically at their policies, organization, and how they handled business. The Joint Inquiry, 9/11 Commission, and Inspectors General found numerous deficiencies in communication, technological capabilities, and limited oversight. The government responded to these gaps through creation of legislation, implementation of regulations, a massive restructuring of the intelligence community, and utilization of new technologies.…
The author also explains that involving the people would be critical since presuming their submissiveness risks creating resentment and lack of cooperation over time. It is important to make the people to understand the appropriateness of security measures to increase their willingness to collaborate to achieve security goals. Further, the author advocates for opening up of homeland security work to avoid working in secrecy and involve the private sector and the general public. The author sees the move to insulate information from the public as undermining the defense of critical…
Richard L. Cain, JD BS PO Box 91016, Santa Barbara, California 93190 Phone: 818-451-3660 cainrl@tjsl.edu…
The intelligence may collect information notwithstanding that the law enforcement agency intends to use the information collected for purposes of a law enforcement investigation or counterintelligence investigation (Fritsch et al, 2015). Thus, this alters the traditional distinction between intelligence and law enforcement. So, the connection of these two government function raises questions concerning the methods of collection, targets of collection, and the use of the resulting information, corresponding with the development of Fourth Amendment jurisprudence.…
Witness Testimony from teacher. mentor or TA during visit I shall talk to your teacher/TA about the following.…
The progress of surveillance technology has come so far that it is almost impossible to contain it. Within a much bigger situation it is because we rely on it in the first place. This dependency is stimulated by our own use of surveillance technologies, tracking and our unhealthy want to see ourselves and others. The needs for these surveillance technologies in the commercial and governmental categories are unappeasable.…
Contention 2: Domestic surveillance is justified as a defensive tactic against potential enemies. Domestic surveillance has already been used to prevent terrorist attacks in the United States. According to the NSA Intelligence officials, “the government’s sweeping surveillance efforts helped thwart “potential terrorist events” more than 50 times since 9/11.” This demonstrates how surveillance is an effect method in anti-terrorist tactics and should be continued to ensure our national…
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 revealed the life-and-death importance of enhancing U.S. intelligence operations. Since that day, a tremendous amount of attention has been focused on the need for constructive changes in law enforcement intelligence (Peterson, 2005). The view that terrorism can be treated as a form of criminal behavior that requires no more than ”normal policing” is particularly stressed by those who argue that civil liberties are at grave risk when governments use the ‘menace’ of terrorism as an…
Is it acceptable for the government to search if it has no reason to suspect a person has done something wrong? Today’s application of the Fourth Amendment would surprise those who drafted it and not just because they could not imagine technologies like the Internet and drones. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, policing consisted of citizen patrols or a loose collection of sheriffs and constables, who lacked the tools to maintain order as the police do today. That said, to determine if the right to privacy is a threat to our national security, I reviewed the Fourth Amendment, the government’s use of surveillance, and arguments for as well as against its use.…
As noted by Carera (2005), the theme of intelligence reform is still fresh in the United States, and with the creation of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), we can appreciate how deep the concerns over intelligence failure in recent years have been. At the heart of this development lie issues of funding, structure and methodology, of which we are concerned with the last of the three. In order to address the issues surrounding the methodology of collecting intelligence for counter terrorism, we first look at definitions of the intelligence terminology referred to, along with an explanation of the current focus of the debate. We then identify how the modern terrorist threat differs from the traditional Cold War enemy, before suggesting reasons why over reliance on one form of intelligence gathering is wrong. We concentrate on a western perspective of intelligence, in particular, the experiences of the United States. This approach allows us to keep a focus on the issue without wandering into inappropriate areas of debate.…
The question posed is challenging, because it is difficult to choose which intelligence collection techniques had the greatest effect in accomplishing U.S. objectives in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, because ALL of these intelligence collection methods—collectively—had an impact, and each technique differed in terms of the data provided, timeliness, accuracy, and responsiveness. Further, as we consider intelligence failures of the past, I am reminded that no one form of intelligence collection can stand on its own and human intelligence (HUMINT) should never be overlooked or ignored. However, since the question presented to students does ask us to address which techniques, this implies a decision, or choice, so I choose the combined use…
1. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 reduces the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism.…
Fenske, D. (2008). All enemies, foreign and domestic: erasing the distinction between foreign and domestic intelligence gathering under the fourth amendment. Northwestern University Law Review. pp. 343-381. Retrieved from EBSCOhost…
The attraction of effects-based operations (EBO) is the prospect of improved efficiency in the planning and conduct of operations. Put simply, EBO can be seen as a coordinated set of actions that are directed at shaping the 1 behaviour of friends, foes and neutrals in peace, crisis and war. In shaping nation states, we would focus on politics, which drives the various dimensions of national power. In shaping the behaviour of non-state actors, the focus would be on ideology. But what brought us to this culminating point that presents EBO as an attractive option? Ed Smith has suggested that the combination of three technology revolutions – sensor, information and weapons – combined with the promise of network-centric thinking within an effects-based approach 2 herald enormous promise for improved efficiency as well as effectiveness. Sensor technology, which essentially provides situational awareness, offers the promise of comprehensive, near-real-time surveillance over vast areas and facilitates the move toward smaller, cheaper, more numerous sensors that can be networked to detect, locate, identify, and track targets. It’s not the sensor technology itself that is important to EBO; rather, it’s the information that the sensors provide. Information technology, which essentially provides the network backbone, offers the potential to expand the capability of the sensors both by better integrating the data collected and by allowing the sensors to interactively build on one another’s efforts. Furthermore, the scope and scale of the data provided by the sensor revolution is likely to be of such a quantity that it would be unmanageable if it were not for an information revolution that will bring the geometric increase in computing power necessary to process, collate, and analyse the resulting quantity of sensor data. Again, it’s not the…