The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization between the 3300-1300 BCE and is located today in the northeast of Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, it was one of the three early civilizations of the Old World and the most widespread. In this essay we will discuss a general description of one of the Indus Valley Civilization city, the Mohenjo-daro. Then, we will compare it to the other types of cities we seen in Egypt and in Mesopotamia. Also, we will discuss whether the city fits into a “city state” or a “territorial state” and if does fit then explain why and if it doesn’t then explain why. If it doesn’t fit to any state, then we will describe the type of city we think it is.…
Religious leaders played prominent roles in every River Valley Civilizations form of government. From ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to China’s historic empire and the Indus River Valley, all the River Valley Civilizations had significant religious figures. In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh was revered as a God and therefore was given his right as supreme governing authority in the eyes of the people. The elusive emperors of China gained their governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating long lines of dynasties until the common people of China felt the dynasty had lost the favor of the Gods. Chinese emperors were not only governing leaders but also the spiritual leaders of ancient China. Mesopotamian and Indus River Valley priests were referred…
Writing was developed for communication among the people of the civilization and possibly other countries. The development of writing was crucial in a civilized society because without it, there would be no communication between the people. It was also developed to keep records of important events and things. Some that have been found today, are used to study the past of the civilizations. With the development of writing, it has left a big impact for the people of the past, present, and future.…
Using information from Site 1, write four defining elements of dharma (the prescribed conduct and morality within the religious system of Hinduism).…
To avoid Caesar’s fate, Augustus charmed the Senate and the people by pretending to give up power. But a series of disasters panicked Romans. They became convinced that only he could save them and begged the Senate to vote him absolute ruler. Augustus agreed, but did so cleverly. He convinced Romans that he was ruling in the best traditions of the republic, but actually was an absolute ruler creating a dynasty. The Romans bought it.…
<br>Hinduism is the religion of choice in some parts of the Middle East primarily India. Hinduism is known as the world's oldest religion. And what makes it so unique is that it has no founders. It dates back more than 3,000 years. Unlike most other religions, Hinduism has no founders. Unlike Christianity, it has not one but several holy books. This religion also houses many beliefs and practices.…
Being a Hindu, growing up in a modern society, I have got this wonderful opportunity to research Hinduism in contemporary world. In this essay, I have explored Hinduism not only by juxtaposing it with modern Hinduism, but also with ancient religious practices. Modernity is not simply the western world, or connecting to contemporary and rejecting the old. Modernity, as David Smith says is theorization of modern world and according to modernity self is autonomous, and God is dead. This feature of modernity contradicts present day world. For us, yes we are autonomous, but God is still alive within us, somewhere within our heart, in the air, in water and everywhere. We are not autonomous, we are controlled by the government and our future depends…
Hindu influence started from two empires, the Sri Vijayan Empire and the Majapahit Empire. The Sri Vijayan Empire mostly spread Buddhism throughout southeast Asia, however, since it is partly Hindu dominated, the chances of hinduism penetrating is still a possibility. The Majapahit Empire on the other hand mainly spread Hinduism. It is also said to have founded the Hindu Kingdom in Sulu during the 13th century. This empire also dominated the lands of Sumatra, Bali, Malay, Borneo, and Sulu. Both empires have no direct link of trading with the Philippines and so it is assumed that the Philippines were indirectly influenced. Based on the bits of traces of Sanskrit in the Philippines having been indirectly transferred through Sumatra, Java, and…
From the year 2600 BC to 1900 BC, a major civil culture, known as the Indus River Valley Civilization, made it to its climax in a region now known as South Asia. The Indus Valley Civilization was an enormous civilization that consisted of over 1000 individual varying settlements. The settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization spread through what is now all of Pakistan, sections of Afghanistan, and some parts of India. When archaeologists attempted to investigate the civilization, one key aspect that was never resolved was its mysterious disappearance. Over the years, many different debates or viewpoints arose as to why the Indus Valley Civilization vanished.…
The writings on Hinduism and modernity by David Smith are an interesting read due to the juxtaposition of two opposite (per the author) concepts filled with examples that are traditional and modern with a spirit of understanding that is the hallmark of modern times. The opening examples of the Ganesha idols drinking milk being ridiculed by a modern day press in India serves well to remind us that our thinking or “theorisation” has become rigidly scientific and we have developed a sceptical bias towards what we cannot understand or explain. For me, the process of reading this section and sorting the confusion of thoughts thereafter enough to write about, involved several attempts to reading, writing and letting it go.…
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world. It encompasses many religious traditions and beliefs and includes people from all over the world. There are many stories, hymns, passages, rituals, and sacred texts in Scriptures Of The World’s Religions about Hinduism and its beliefs of moksha, or liberation, and how to attain it.…
Tapas, or asceticism, which is how I will refer to it throughout this essay, is the practice of leading an austere lifestyle. Ascetics first renounce all their worldly goods, including family and possessions and instead live a life of wandering and hardship, for example, fasting, enduring physical hardships and gleaning or foraging for food. It is the belief of the ascetic that by doing this, they will achieve moksa, or liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth. Out of the three main religions of South Asia, Jains and Hindus observe the practice of asceticism whist Buddhists do not.…
Hinduism originated in India around 2000 B.C.E. (Before Common Era). At the time of origination Hinduism had 1,000,000,000 followers (Reincarnation of Hinduism, 2012). This religion has originated from the ancient Vedic Age and other indigenous beliefs. Incorporated over time, Hindu religion comes in many different religious beliefs. Hindu religion includes Dharma, meaning religion, encompasses duty, social welfare, natural law, health, ethics, and transcendental realization. Karma is another well-known belief of Hinduism, meaning action or the consequences of action, followed by Samsara, which is the ultimate goal of the eternal cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Lastly, Moksha, which means the liberation from the limitation of space, time, and matter through realization of the immortal absolute (Fisher, M.P., 2005).…
Saraswati is broken down in Sanskrit as sara means ‘essence’ and swa means ‘self.’ Saraswati means ‘essence of self.’ Saraswati is known as Thurathadi in Burmese, Biancaitian in Chinese, Benzaiten in Japanese, and Surasawadee in Thai. Saraswati is associated with the element of flowing water. She is a beautiful woman in order to support the concept that knowledge is alluring. Saraswati plays the musical instrument called the veena. She has four arms and wears a white sari. Saraswati is usually seated on or near a white lotus flower, a white swan, and sometimes a peacock. According to the Rig Veda, Saraswati is a river in its personification of a…
If the Indus River Valley people did not need the natural recourse that living by a river provided then they would have moved to a more defendable area to live. They were invaded many times throughout history and it would not make sense to remain in that area unless there was a specific advantage to that area. (Textbook)…