The dehumanizing oppression of African Americans in the southern states of America during the first half of the 20th century is regarded as one of the saddest chapters in the history of the nation. They were denied their Human and Civil Rights to a most severe degree, including the regulation of the very basic right of suffrage. African Americans were also denied equality in the classroom, stemming their ability to develop as a race. Ruth touches on this subject on various lines such as being “not so educated” and “riding the bus”. Ruth does a magnificent job of using poetry to describe this social injustice.…
Mary Chestnut was a South Carolina Author known for her diary that described a very unique picture of how society really was during the Civil War. Mary’s most famous book that was published was known as the “Civil War diary”. In Mary’s diary, she wrote about the war and everything in it from her very wealthy class. Mary had a lot of money and was very wealthy, but she still realized the war needed to be described as the truth in her diary rather then from a biased point of view. In her diary, she briefly explains how her husband was pro-slavery but she did agree with him in anyway shape or form. She had to be very secretive about her anti-slavery views. Mary’s book had not been officially published until 1905. Many…
Harper Lee is considered one of America’s most enigmatic and influential writers of the twentieth century. Lee’s popular novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, offers readers deep insight into the dynamics of an unconventional family and Southern lifestyle in the1930s. Harper Lee was born Nelle Harper Lee on April 28, 1926, in Monroeville, Alabama (Sparknotes.com). According to the author’s official website, Harper Lee was a descendant of famous Civil War general, Robert E. Lee, and daughter to a former newspaper editor turned state senator and practicing attorney. She studied law at the University of Alabama from 1945 to 1949 and spent a year at Oxford University Wellington Square as an exchange student (Harperlee.com). Dean Shackelford, author of “The Female Voice In To Kill a Mockingbird: Narrative Strategies In Film and Novel,” explains that To Kill A Mockingbird “portrays a young girl's love for her father and brother and the experience of childhood during the Great Depression in a racist, segregated society which uses superficial and materialistic values to judge outsiders, including the powerful character Boo Radley.” Harper Lee struck literary gold by creating parallel experiences between her life and her novel. Similarities between Lee’s relationships and experiences and that of the protagonist and the spotlight she places on important struggles of the time create a lasting impact on all her readers.…
Margaret Walker’s novel Jubilee focuses on the life of a slave girl by the name of Vyry who gains her freedom at the end of the Civil War and sets out with her children, Minna and Jim, and husband, Innis Brown, to make a new life for their family in the Reconstruction Period. Walker’s awareness of the southern plantation tradition is made clear throughout Jubilee in the way that she debunks the negative tropes placed on the shoulders of African Americans by the nostalgic white writers of the South; Walker also incorporates her knowledge of black oral tradition by way of small snippets of text on every page which marks the start of a new chapter in the text.…
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl are two of the most influential autobiographies of slavery. Douglass’s experiences are similar to Harriet Jacobs’s, but they have their differences. Jacobs said “O, you happy free women, contrast your New Year’s day with that of a poor bondwoman! With you it is a pleasant season, and the light of day is blessed.” Douglass said “The white children could tell their ages. I could not tell why I ought to be deprived of the same privilege.”…
Louisa May Alcott grew up during a time when many Northerners were beginning to stand up for the abolition of slavery and the rights of African Americans to be free from fear of a cruel master. She worked as a nurse during the Civil War, braving the “unsanitary and poorly run Union Hotel Hospital” in her efforts to aid wounded and dying men (“Louisa May Alcott” 1734). Even before her saintly deeds in the Civil War effort, it was clear that Alcott was a sympathetic, well-educated woman who supported the abolitionist cause and was willing to do everything within her power to strengthen the movement. She shows this abolitionist attitude in several of her stories, “My Contraband” being just one of them.…
On May 24, 1933, a role model, advocate for women’s rights, and a literary star was born. Marian Engel was born in Toronto, Ontario, to a single eighteen year old girl, and put up for adoption. Frederick Searle and Mary Elizabeth (Fletcher) Passmore adopted a beautiful baby named Ruth, who they renamed Marian. Marian spent her younger years growing up in a variety of towns across Southern Ontario as her family moved frequently for her father’s work. Engel began her education at Sarnia Collegiate Institute & Technical School in Sarnia, Ontario, and later continued on to complete a Bachelor of Arts at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. She graduated from McMaster in 1955 and without hesitation, enrolled in a Master’s program for Canadian Literature at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec. Marian was a powerful activist for women’s rights over the years, writing books, short stories, and sharing her experiences with all who would engage. Her evident determination to succeed was first noted at the young age of ten, when her mother told her that the profession of writing was “very hard” and Marian Engel responded to her by saying, “I don’t care.” Marian grew into a strong woman, who was passionately dedicated to her work. She wrote many short stories, and novels that clearly depicted the social justice issues prevalent during her lifetime, specifically the oppression and victimization of women.…
As Gilroy wrote: "The history of the black Atlantic since then, continually crisscrossed by the movement of black people--not only as commodities--but engaged in various struggles towards emancipation, autonomy, and citizenship, is a means to re-examine the problems of nationality, location, identity, and historical memory." The poem by Phillis Wheatley greatly enlightens Gilroy’s thesis, being a strong figure in the fight for freedom and equality within the Black community, also emphasizing the idea that knowledge is power to those Black people who were unable to read and write, seeing the impact she made through her poems. England, unlike the United States, gave Black intellectuals the opportunity to publish their writings. The poem by Phillis Wheatley greatly enlightens Gilroy’s thesis, being a strong figure in the fight for freedom and equality within the…
In “A Double Standard, ” by Francis Harper, she discusses the complexity of sex, gender, and the social standards that are involved with them. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was born into freedom in 1825. Harper worked throughout her life to maintain her freedom and justice. Throughout her poem, she expresses her views on how society views women. Dr. Derrick Spire’s discussed how she wrote about slavery, and her frustrations during this time frame. Harper wanted everyone to be seen equal in our society; however, this was not yet put in place.…
Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs are two authors with very similar backgrounds. Both Douglass and Jacobs illustrate the tension involving being African American in a time where slaves did not have any rights, and when they were treated like property instead of a humans. Each of the slaves had different experiences with slavery, but one thing in common: share their accounts through autobiography on how slavery greatly changed their lives. The experiences, memories and treatment in any situation are viewed upon differently between a man and a woman. Obvious in the case of slavery, the two sexes were treated differently and so therefore their recollections of such events were-different…
As Hurston evaluates the hardships African American women endured during the darkest times in history, Hurston’s female…
Hurston knew herself, that she is an individual. She is an inspiration to American readers and became known as a huge influential figure in the history of African-American literature. Reading her work today has a large impact on the reader to show how hard it was to be a successful African-American, and live through segregation. Although she ended her life with little money, she now is honored through our studies and awe in her…
American feminist authors have had a major impact on every woman in contemporary society. This writing will cover some of the most essential authors- namely Kate Chopin, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Zora Neale Hurston, Tillie Olsen, Susan Glaspell, and Alice Walker- and how their works influenced the world of today. Outside of these authors specific contributions, however, there must be addressed the most general and obvious of observations, which stands as the premier example of their influence: that we are reading and writing about them today. These women have been published countless times in as many forms, and are widely believed to be some of the best American writers of all time. Indeed, the anthology that is associated…
He, too, highlights life and death and depicts the transition between as a warm and fuzzy ordeal, a common Fireside characteristic. Furthermore, he used his reputation to lead the Antislavery Free-Soil movement and help facilitate Lincoln’s election. James Russell Lowell was also involved in the Abolitionist movement, and he is famous for A Fable for Critics, a satirical piece evaluating the fellow poets of his time. Of the five poets, John Greenleaf Whittier is arguably the strongest anti-slavery advocate. In “Massachusetts to Virginia,” Whittier captures the attitude of his fellow abolishers as he pronounces to slaveholders, “Be, if ye will, the scandal of God’s universe; / We wash our hands forever of your sin and shame and curse” (lines 55-56). This emphasis on disunion, as well as Bryant and Lowell’s abolitionist contributions, foreshadowed the looming Civil…
As I am approaching graduation in the spring, I find this chapter very insightful. The life of Frances Perkins, brought me to compare how the disciplines and concentrations of her day, differ from what we are taught nowadays. At this stage in my life, I realize my vocation is more important than the highly-encouraged job or career that we so desperately seek after receiving our degrees. As of today, I need to focus more on that calling and utilizing my gifts, when Perkins mentions “all of us are given gifts, aptitudes, capacities, talents…that we did not earn” I began to take an in-depth look at my life considering what talents might I possess, that I have not taken full advantage of. In doing so I realized that there are many gifts in which…