The first section of the book is called Grievances. Woody Holton explains the background history of land speculators versus Indians and the Privy Council. The author explains numerous points of argument in this section, and would show how the Indians tried to make peace to keep their lands. They negotiated a treaty with the British government, which they retained every acre that Jefferson claimed (Holton, p.4). Furthermore, Holton explains these viewpoints had a greater influence of America’s Declaration of Independence in 1763, which was led by land speculators and white Virginians declaring Independence from Britain in 1776. Resulting the state constitution that nullified the Proclamation in 1763 and the Quebec Act (Holton, p. 38).…
This article by Hans Carlson presents a political and legal progression by the James Bay Development Corporation that essentially alters the native Cree’s relationship to their land. Starting in Quebec, from 1971 to 1975 the Grande River Hydro-electric Complex started the construction on four dams in eastern James Bay, publicized to provide electricity to the Quebec grid. Living off the eastern James Bay land is the people of the Cree which began fighting for the rights to the land as the assembly of these dams would induce large changes to their spiritual and physical ties. The Cree who have been dependent on the land for survival argued to the superior court that before and after confederation the natives held the rights to James Bay area and the building of the dams infringed upon these rights. Also, proclaiming that living off the land was more than just a physical commodity but a spiritual tie that was engraved in Cree history and way of life.…
After Riel’s return, On 8 March 1885, The Metis issued a Metis Bill of Rights. Unlike the previous list of rights, the Metis Bill of rights addressed all the grievances that the Metis faced and suggested the basis of a new province in the Northwest. The government tolerated this…
· it took 5 years for land to be distributed (1875) many settlers from east came during this period - harrased the metis…
The Red King's Rebellion fought more than three hundred years ago between the Algonquian peoples and New England settlers was in per-capita terms the bloodiest war in our nation's history. Before the conflict ended, over 9,000 people were dead (two-thirds of them Native Americans), and homelessness, starvation, and economic hardship plagued the descendants of both races for generations to come. In this fascinating book, Russell Bourne examines the epic struggle from both sides, seeking to explain how the biracial harmony that once reigned--when the Plymouth Colony's neighboring Wampanoag’s, under the stately Massasoit (King…
Some scholars like Sprague (Canada and the Metis: 1869-1855) fail to explain the dispossession of the Metis and the Riel Resistance, and continuously emphasize that Riel had a historical role,…
When English colonists first arrived to the New World, the Native American Indians were curious yet kind to these “white men”. However, as time passed the colonists’ hunger for more land grew stronger. They began to take advantage of the Indians by signing treaties that were not completely understood by the natives. Consequently, a brave Indian took upon the initiative to protect their properties. Tecumseh, leader of the Shawnee, began his quest to put a stop to American greed by uniting the molested tribes to defend their lands.…
In late August 1969, Riel emerged as the leader of the Metis People. He immediately moved to overturn the first coherent plan for Metis response to confederation (which was motivated by Metis aboriginal rights), with a new plan by Riel that was more motivated by Catholic and French rights. There was much conflict in the Metis community as to how they should respond to foreign oppression.1 After a collective decision by the community, Riel…
From a number of perspectives, Louis Riel did not receive a fair trial. First, that the case against Riel was being heard by a jury of six English-speaking men. At that point, the English and the French were not the most cordial. English-speaking men, at the small courtroom in Regina, have been against Riel’s beliefs and his side of the story. When the Hudson’s Bay Company gave up the control of Rupert’s Land in 1869, Riel created the Provisional Government to get closer to the Métis rights. Many English-speaking men thought that this was grounds for treason.…
Louis Riel is known by many names: a prophet, a traitor, and a madman. Out of them all, Riel is regarded as a hero, who stood up for his people in the face of the Canadian government, and those who question his sanity still view him as an essentially honourable figure. Riel was strongly respectful towards the Métis and felt that they deserved rights too, like any other human being, as they faced racial discrimination by Canada’s government, whom denied them many rights and took away things like their land and culture. Riel’s earlier life contributed to who he was during the encounter with the surveyors and the settlers, such as his good education and his knowledge of three different languages: English, French, and Cree. As part of the Red River Resistance, he helped establish a provisional government, and was elected president. Since the Resistance and execution of Thomas Scott, he had suffered a series of emotional breakdowns, but later on, his delusions had subsided and he was married with a family and became a school teacher.…
Jacques Cartier was sailing along the coast of Cape Cod when they encounter boats with First Nations People on it. They were greeted by the First Nations with dancing and gestures that indicated they wanted to trade by showing Cartier various furs. Cartier was hesitant to approach as they only had one boat and are easily outnumbered if they were attacked. As the French ship left, the first Nations pursued them. Cartier felt threatened so he fired two shots at them and struck them with lances, which worked because the First Nations began to flee and no longer followed them.…
With the Confederation almost complete, forwarded Shawnee decision to send Tecumseh, a young renowned warrior and a strong speaker ‘to traverse the Miscopy Valley, seeking to revive Neolin’s pan Indian alliance of the 1760s. Feeling that the only alternative to westward expansion was extermination, as one chief asked “Where are the Narragansett, the Mohican, the Pocanet, and other powerful tribes of our people? ‘They have vanished before the avarice {greed) and oppression of the white man, as snow before the sun.’ Indians, he proclaimed, must recognize that they were a single people and equal right in the land. He repudiated, “chiefs who had sold land to the federal government were no better than their white rivals.”…
The Trail of Tears was a harsh and inhumane event that happened in the 1830’s. Indian tribes were forced off of their land and they were involuntarily relocated to what is now Oklahoma. There was fear and resentment among the white settlers when it came to their Native American adversaries. They were a different kind of people than the whites when it came to how they lived, spoke, dressed and as well as their religious beliefs. This unfamiliarity with them led to the settlers believing that they were better than the indians and that they should leave the land and be forced to live in an ‘indian land’ if they refused to conform to Christianity as well as learn to speak English. However as more and more settlers flooded into the area, the land became more and more coveted. They no longer cared how civilized the indians became; they wanted them gone (Brief History of the Trail of Tears).…
The statement, ‘Aboriginal spirituality is as diverse and complex as the people themselves’, relates Aboriginal people to their culture and beliefs.…
In Georgia when gold was discovered, the Cherokee were forcibly removed from their land. The Cherokee sued in the Supreme Court for the right to remain on their land, and the ruling was in their favor.…
