The Mongols started their invasions in Central Asia in the early 1200s. They then set their sights on Western Asia, then doubled back to Eastern Asia. They met resistance here from Japan, which they never managed to subjugate. Next came Southeast Asia, where they met resistance from India. They conquered parts of India, but didn’t manage to get the core. Finally, they went for Europe. The Mongols were the second worst on a scale of destruction in Europe, outmatched only by the World Wars.
Since the Mongols had invaded and taken over the Middle East, they pretty much removed them from being a major trading city and the center of learning. Europe kind of took this as an opportunity to become useful members of the world, despite having been partially taken over by the Mongols. Cities like Venice became centers of trade and art and learning. It improved the economy of Europe and allowed them to focus more on arts and education. This started the Renaissance movement.
The Mongol Invasion of Europe may not have directly caused the Renaissance movement, but it was a necessary tool. The Renaissance would have likely not happened, because learning and trade would have stayed in Byzantium and Constantinople. The Mongols were a big deal, and had bigger ripples.
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