The Parenting Style

The Differences Type of Parenting Styles

Parenting is defined as a complex activity that includes much specific behaviour that work individually and together to influence child outcomes. How parents impact child development? Specific parenting behaviours, such as spanking or reading aloud, may influence child development. Most researchers who attempt to describe this broad parental milieu rely on Diana Baumrind’s concept of parenting style. The construct of parenting style is used to capture normal variations in parents’ attempts to control and socialize their children (Baumrind, 1991). Sometime parents are fear that they are parenting the wrong way raising up their children, and that their style of parenting may have negative effects on their children. According to Solomon B, "Making mistakes is not bad parenting. Like anything else, it's a way to grow and learn." Therefore, each parents practices different types of parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative, and uninvolved.

The first parenting styles is authoritarian, Authoritarian parents are highly demanding and directive but not responsive. In this type of parenting, they are often seems to be strict, controlling type of parents. Children are expected to follow the strict rules. If children fail to follow it usually end up in punishment. Next, parents fail to explain the reasoning. Parents prefer to command and order their children and fully expect their children to follow their orders without questioning them. However, maternal parenting style was determined based on levels of responsiveness and demandingness. Authoritarian mothers engaged in less yielding to coercion than indifferent or indulgent mothers.(Anne C.F 2008) They are like army commander. Children would be unhappy to live in this environment because parents refuse to listen to their children feedback. According to Baumrind, these parents “are obedience-and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation” (1991). In authoritarian parents shows a little love towards the child and do not take into account the needs or feelings of the child when setting the rules of the house. Authoritarian parenting is where the parents are very demanding, in their expectations of the child, and of the level of obedience that they expect from the child. In addition, siblings in the same household could have such diverse thinking and behaviour "Birth Order and Parenting" describes personality traits and the parent's role in developing them. (Nina G.).

Secondly, the authoritative parents that is both demanding and responsiveness at the same time. Parents are usually established rules and guidelines to their children. In authoritative parenting, children are given a plenty of love in same time parents do control their children. Rules are set by parents but they are more likely given some freedom to develop their own to achieve their own self-confidence. Parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing whenever children fail to meet the expectation. Baumrind,1991 suggests that these parents "monitor and impart clear standards for their children’s conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary methods are supportive, rather than punitive.”They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regulated as well as cooperative" (1991). The child’s feelings and thoughts are respected when they their parents practice a healthy responsiveness toward them. Authoritive parenting styles tend to result in children who are happy, capable and successful (Maccoby, 1992).

In other hand, the third parenting styles are uninvolved parents. An uninvolved parent is neither responsiveness nor demanding. These parents are simply uninvolved. They lack in fulfilling their children’s basic needs. For examples, parents do not care the important of education, no proper clothes, and staying place for their children. Mothers are being rated lower in demandingness and higher in responsiveness compared to fathers. (Zahyah bt Hanafi, 2004) These parents are the most likely to be irresponsible and more often neglect their children. Moreover, parents also reject and neglect the needs of their children. This parenting style might encompass both rejecting–neglecting and neglectful parents, although most parents of this type fall within the normal range. Parenting style is a typology, rather than a linear combination of responsiveness and demandingness, each parenting style is more than and different from the sum of its parts (Baumrind, 1991).
In conclusion, parenting style provides a strong indicator of parenting functioning that predicts child well-being across a wide spectrum of environments and across diverse communities of children. Both parental responsiveness and parental demandingness are important components of good parenting. Authoritative parenting, which balances clear, high parental demands with emotional responsiveness and recognition of child autonomy, is one of the most consistent family predictors of competence from early childhood through adolescence. However, despite the long and robust tradition of research into parenting style, a number of issues remain outstanding. Foremost among these are issues of definition, developmental change in the manifestation and correlates of parenting styles, and the processes underlying the benefits of authoritative parenting.

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